{"ID":54933,"name":"Tuan Anh Nguyen v. Immigration and Naturalization Service","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2000\/99-2071","view_count":0,"docket_number":"99-2071","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Tuan Anh Nguyen","second_party":"Immigration and Naturalization Service","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[979020000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38605"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[992235600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38606"}],"lower_court":{"ID":10,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/10"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 1969, Tuan Ahn Nguyen was born in Saigon, Vietnam to Joseph Boulais and a Vietnamese citizen. At age six, Nguyen became a lawful permanent United States resident. At age 22, Nguyen pleaded guilty in a Texas state court to two counts of sexual assault on a child. Subsequently, the Immigration and and Naturalization Service initiated deportation proceedings against Nguyen. After the Immigration Judge ordered Nguyen, Boulais obtained an order of parentage from a state court. Dismissing Nguyen\u0027s appeal, the Board of Immigration of Appeals rejected Nguyen\u0027s citizenship claim because he had not complied with 8 USC section 1409(a)\u0027s requirements for one born out of wedlock and abroad to a citizen father and a noncitizen mother. On appeal, the Court of Appeals rejected Nguyen and Boulais argument that section 1409(a) violates equal protection by providing different rules for attainment of citizenship by children born abroad and out of wedlock depending upon whether the one parent with American citizenship is the mother or the father.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIs 8 USC section 1409(a)\u0027s statutory distinction, which imposes different requirements for a child\u0027s acquisition of citizenship depending upon whether the citizen parent is the mother or the father, consistent with the equal protection guarantee embedded in the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In a 5-4 opinion delivered by Justice Anthony M. Kennedy, the Court held that Section 1409(a) comports with the constitutional guarantee of equal protection. \u0022For a gender-based classification to withstand equal protection scrutiny, it must be established \u0027at least that the [challenged] classification serves important governmental objectives and that the discriminatory means employed are substantially related to the achievement of those objectives,\u0027\u0022 wrote Justice Kennedy. Although the law imposes different requirements on unmarried fathers and unmarried mothers, it does so on the basis of the difference between their relationships to the potential citizen at the time of birth and is justified by two important governmental interests. Justice Sandra Day O\u0027Connor, with whom Justices David H. Souter, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and Stephen G. Breyer joined, dissented, noted that \u0022[n]o one should mistake the majority\u0027s analysis for a careful application of this Court\u0027s equal protection jurisprudence concerning sex-based classifications.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":22617,"name":"Edwin S. Kneedler","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/edwin_s_kneedler","view_count":0,"last_name":"Kneedler","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"edwin_s_kneedler"},"advocate_description":"Department of Justice, argued the cause for the respondent","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/17788"},{"advocate":{"ID":35713,"name":"Martha F. 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