{"ID":54927,"name":"Glover v. United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2000\/99-8576","view_count":0,"docket_number":"99-8576","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Glover","second_party":"United States","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[975304800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38594"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[979020000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38595"}],"lower_court":{"ID":12,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/12"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIn the 1980\u0027s and early 1990\u0027s, Paul Glover was the Vice President and General Counsel of the Chicago Truck Drivers, Helpers, and Warehouse Workers Union. Ultimately, Glover was convicted of federal labor racketeering, money laundering, and tax evasion, among other things, after using his control over the union\u0027s investments to enrich himself through kickbacks. Glover\u0027s probation officer, in his pre-sentence investigation report, recommended that Glover\u0027s federal labor racketeering, money laundering, and tax evasion convictions be grouped under the United States Sentencing Commission\u0027s Guidelines Manual section 3D1.2, which allows the grouping of counts involving substantially the same harm. The Federal Government objected to the grouping and the District Court agreed. Glover\u0027s offense level was thus increased by two levels, resulting in an increased sentence of between 6 and 21 months. Glover\u0027s counsel did not pursue the grouping issue on appeal. Glover then filed a pro se motion to correct his sentence, arguing that his counsel\u0027s failure to pursue the issue was ineffective assistance, without which his offense level would have been lower. The District Court denied Glover\u0027s motion, concluding that a 6 to 21 month sentencing increase was not significant enough to establish prejudice under the test for ineffective assistance of counsel articulated in Strickland v. Washington. Thus, the court denied his ineffective-assistance claim. The Court of Appeals affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIs a significant increase on a prison sentence required in order to show prejudice in a claim for ineffective assistance of counsel?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. In a unanimous opinion delivered by Justice Anthony M. Kennedy, the Court held that Court of appeals erred in engrafting onto the prejudice branch of the Strickland test the requirement that any increase in sentence must meet a standard of significance. Thus, the denial of Glover\u0027s motion to correct his sentence was reversed and remanded. Justice Kennedy wrote for the Court that the Court of Appeals erred \u0022because there is no obvious dividing line by which to measure how much longer a sentence must be for the increase to constitute substantial prejudice. ... Although the amount by which a defendant\u0027s sentence is increased by a particular decision may be a factor to consider in determining whether counsel\u0027s performance in failing to argue the point constitutes ineffective assistance, ...it cannot serve as a bar to a showing of prejudice.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":35719,"name":"Michael R. 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