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Convictions may also be functionally related, if they were factually or logically related and sentencing was joint. After Paula Buford pleaded guilty to armed bank robbery, the sentencing judge had to determine whether her five prior state convictions were \u0022related\u0022 or whether they should count as more than one. At sentencing, the government conceded that her four prior robbery convictions were related. The government did not concede that her prior drug conviction was related to the robberies. The District Court concluded that Buford\u0027s drug and robbery cases had not been either formally or functionally consolidated. In affirming, the Court of Appeals reviewed the decision deferentially rather than de novo, giving deference to the District Court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes a de novo standard of review apply when a court of appeals reviews a trial court\u0027s sentencing guideline determination as to whether an offender\u0027s prior convictions were consolidated, and thus related, for sentencing purposes?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. In a unanimous opinion delivered by Justice Stephen G. 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