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American Civil Liberties Union","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2001\/00-1293","view_count":0,"docket_number":"00-1293","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Ashcroft","second_party":"American Civil Liberties Union","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[1006927200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38721"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1021266000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38722"}],"lower_court":{"ID":8,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/8"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EUnlike the Communications Decency Act of 1996, the Child Online Protection Act (COPA) applies only to material displayed on the World Wide Web, covers only communications made for commercial purposes, and restricts only \u0022material that is harmful to minors.\u0022 Moreover, COPA requires jurors to apply \u0022contemporary community standards\u0022 in assessing material. Before it was scheduled to go into effect, a number of organizations affected by COPA filed suit, alleging that the statute violated adults\u0027 First Amendment rights because it effectively banned constitutionally protected speech, was not the least restrictive means of accomplishing a compelling governmental purpose, and was substantially overbroad. The District Court issued a preliminary injunction. In affirming, the Court of Appeals, reasoning that COPA\u0027s use of contemporary community standards to identify material that is harmful to minors rendered the statute substantially overbroad.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the Child Online Protection Act\u0027s use of \u0022community standards\u0022 to identify \u0022material that is harmful to minors\u0022 violate the First Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. In an 8-1 opinion delivered by Justice Clarence Thomas, the Court held that COPA\u0027s reliance on community standards to identify what material is harmful to minors does not by itself render the statute substantially overbroad for First Amendment purposes. The Court expressed no view as to whether COPA was overbroad for other reasons or was unconstitutionally vague and did not vacate the preliminary injunction because it could not do so without addressing matters yet to be considered. \u0022In its original form, the community standard provided a shield for communications that are offensive only to the least tolerant members of society,\u0022 argued Justice John Paul Stevens in his dissent. \u0022In the context of the Internet, however, community standards become a sword, rather than a shield. If a prurient appeal is offensive in a puritan village, it may be a crime to post it on the World Wide Web.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":15505,"name":"Ann E. 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