{"ID":54979,"name":"Carey v. Saffold","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2001\/01-301","view_count":0,"docket_number":"01-301","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Carey","second_party":"Saffold","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[1014789600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38692"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1024290000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38693"}],"lower_court":{"ID":5,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/5"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA) requires a state prisoner seeking federal habeas relief to file his petition within one year after his state conviction becomes final, but excludes from that period the time during which an application for state collateral review is pending. In 1990, Tony Saffold was convicted and sentenced in California state court for murder, assault with a firearm, and robbery. Saffold filed a state habeas petition in California seven days before the federal deadline. Five days after the state trial court denied his petition, Saffold filed a further petition in the State Court of Appeal. Four and one-half months after that petition was denied, Saffold filed a further petition in the State Supreme Court, which denied the petition on the merits and for lack of diligence. The Federal District Court dismissed Saffold\u0027s subsequent federal habeas petition as untimely, finding that the federal statute of limitations was not tolled during the intervals between the denial of one state petition and the filing of the next because no application was pending during that time. In reversing, the Court of Appeals found that Saffold\u0027s petition was timely because the State Supreme Court based its decision not only on lack of diligence, but also on the merits.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the word \u0022pending,\u0022 in the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, cover the time between a lower state court\u0027s decision and the filing of a notice of appeal to a higher state court? If so, does it apply similarly to California\u0027s unique state collateral review system?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes and yes. In a 5-4 opinion delivered by Justice Stephen G. Breyer, the Court held that, as used in AEDPA, \u0022pending\u0022 covers the time between a lower state court\u0027s decision and the filing of a notice of appeal to a higher state court. The Court also held that the same rule applies to California\u0027s unique collateral review system, a system that does not involve a notice of appeal, but rather the filing within a reasonable time of a further original state habeas petition in a higher court. The Court reasoned that to rule otherwise would encourage state prisoners to file federal habeas petitions before the state completed collateral review. In remanding the question of whether Saffold\u0027s petition was pending, the Court concluded that the California Supreme Court\u0027s inclusion of the words \u0022on the merits\u0022 could not by themselves indicate that the petition was timely. Justice Anthony M. Kennedy authored a dissent, in which Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist and Justices Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas joined.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":41159,"name":"Stanley A. 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