{"ID":55066,"name":"Cook County v. United States ex rel. Chandler","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2002\/01-1572","view_count":0,"docket_number":"01-1572","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Cook County","second_party":"United States ex rel. Chandler","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[1042524000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38856"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1047276000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38857"}],"lower_court":{"ID":12,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/12"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EUnder the False Claims Act (FCA), \u0022any person\u0022 who \u0022knowingly presents, or causes to be presented, to an officer or employee of the United States Government...a false or fraudulent claim for payment or approval\u0022 is liable to the federal government. A private person may bring a qui tam action \u0022in the name of the Government\u0022 under the FCA. After the National Institute of Drug Abuse gave Cook County Hospital a $5 million research grant, Janet Chandler, who ran the study for a nonprofit research institute affiliated with the hospital, filed a qui tam action, claiming that Cook County and the institute had submitted false statements to obtain grant funds. Based on precedent, which held that States are not \u0022persons\u0022 subject to FCA qui tam actions, the District Court granted the County\u0027s motion to dismiss. The Court of Appeals reversed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EAre local governments \u0022persons\u0022 subject to qui tam actions under the False Claims Act?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In a unanimous opinion delivered by Justice David H. Souter, the Court held that the term \u0022person\u0022 includes local governments. The Court noted that the County, as a recipient of federal funding, was clearly able to abuse federal spending and was thus subject to the FCA remedy that applied to prevent such abuse. Rejecting the Country\u0027s argument that is was not subject to punitive damages, the Court responded that the federal government amended the FCA to make it a more effective tool against fraud. \u0022It is simply not plausible that Congress intended to repeal municipal liability sub silentio by the very Act it passed to strengthen the Government\u0027s hand in fighting false claims,\u0022 wrote Justice Souter.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":32041,"name":"Judson H. 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