{"ID":55073,"name":"Stogner v. California","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2002\/01-1757","view_count":0,"docket_number":"01-1757","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Stogner","second_party":"California","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[1049090400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38868"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1056603600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/38869"}],"lower_court":{"ID":76,"name":"State appellate court","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/courts\/state_appellate_court"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 1993, California enacted a new criminal statute of limitations permitting prosecution for sex-related child abuse where the prior limitations period has expired if the prosecution is begun within one year of a victim\u0027s report to police. In 1998, Marion Stogner was indicted for sex-related child abuse committed between 1955 and 1973. Without the new statute allowing revival of the State\u0027s cause of action, California could not have prosecuted Stogner. Stogner moved to dismiss the complaint on the ground that the Ex Post Facto Clause forbids revival of a previously time-barred prosecution. The trial court agreed, but the California Court of Appeal reversed. The trial court denied Stogner\u0027s subsequent dismissal motion, in which he argued that his prosecution violated the Ex Post Facto and Due Process Clauses. The Court of Appeal affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the Ex Post Facto Clause bar the application of California\u0027s retroactive extension of the statutes of limitations for sexual offenses committed against minors?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In a 5-4 opinion delivered by Justice Stephen G. Breyer, the Court held that a law enacted after expiration of a previously applicable limitations period violates the Ex Post Facto Clause when it is applied to revive a previously time-barred prosecution. The Court reasoned that the features of the law produce the kind of retroactivity that the Constitution forbids by inflicting punishment where the party was not, by law, liable to any punishment. \u0022After...the original statute of limitations had expired,...Stogner was not \u0027liable to any punishment,\u0027\u0022 wrote Justice Breyer. \u0022California\u0027s new statute therefore \u0027aggravated\u0027 Stogner\u0027s alleged crime, or made it \u0027greater than it was, when committed,\u0027 in the sense that...it \u0027inflicted punishment\u0027 for past criminal conduct that...did not trigger any such liability.\u0022 In his dissent, Justice Anthony M. Kennedy argued, \u0022A law which does not alter the definition of the crime but only revives prosecution does not make the crime \u0027greater than it was, when committed.\u0027\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":40085,"name":"Roberto Najera","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/roberto_najera","view_count":0,"last_name":"Najera","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"roberto_najera"},"advocate_description":"Martinez, California, argued the cause for the petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/18317"},{"advocate":{"ID":28554,"name":"Irving L. 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