{"ID":55156,"name":"Securities and Exchange Commission v. Edwards","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2003\/02-1196","view_count":0,"docket_number":"02-1196","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Securities and Exchange Commission","second_party":"Charles E. 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After Edwards filed for bankruptcy, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) sued him for selling securities (considering the telephones to be investments on the part of the purchasers and therefore securities) in violation of the registration and anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities laws.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA federal district court froze Edwards\u0027 assets in a preliminary injunction. The 11th Circuit Court of Appeals overruled the district court\u0027s injunction for lack of jurisdiction. The SEC, the court reasoned, failed to show that Edwards\u0027 selling pay telephones was an \u0022investment contract\u0022 under federal securities laws. In defining \u0022investment contract,\u0022 the court used the Supreme Court\u0027s ruling in SEC v. W.J. Howey Co. (1946), that a financial interest is an \u0022investment contract\u0022 if it involves (1) an investment of money, (2) in a common enterprise, (3) with the expectation of profits to be derived solely from the efforts of others. The 11th Circuit ruled that the SEC could not meet the test\u0027s third part because the purchasers received a fixed fee that was guaranteed by contract and therefore not dependant on Edwards\u0027 success.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the Securities Exchange Act\u0027s (1934) term \u0022investment contract\u0022 include an investment scheme in which the promoter promises a fixed return or the investor is entitled to a particular rate of return?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In a unanimous opinion delivered by Justice Sandra Day O\u0027Connor, the Court held that an investment scheme promising a fixed rate of return can be an \u0022investment contract\u0022 and thus a \u0022security\u0022 subject to federal securities laws. The test the Court uses for determining whether a scheme is an \u0022investment contract\u0022 is \u0022whether the scheme involves an investment of money in a common enterprise with profits to come solely from the efforts of others.\u0022 Because the test does not distinguish between promises of fixed returns and promises of variable returns, the scheme at issue here can be defined as an \u0022investment contract.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":43165,"name":"Theodore B. 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