{"ID":55162,"name":"Olympic Airways v. Husain","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2003\/02-1348","view_count":0,"docket_number":"02-1348","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Olympic Airways","second_party":"Rubina Husain, Individually, and as Personal Representative of the Estate of Abid M. Hanson, Deceased, et al.","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1054011600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39067"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1068616800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39068"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1077602400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39069"}],"lower_court":{"ID":5,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/5"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EAbid Hanson was allergic to second-hand smoke. On an Olympic Airways flight, he and his wife, Rubina Husain, sat in non-smoking seats. However, because the seats were close to the smoking section, Mrs. Husain requested she and her husband be moved. Her request was denied twice, even after the smoke began bothering Hanson. Hanson died during the flight. Husain filed suit in California federal district court. She sought damages under Article 17 of the Warsaw Convention, which allows damages recovery for international air travelers for accidents on airplanes. The district court agreed that Hanson\u0027s death was an \u0022accident\u0022 as defined by the convention and awarded Husain $1.4 million. The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIf a passenger\u0027s pre-existing medical condition is aggravated by exposure to normal airplane conditions, is this an \u0022accident\u0022 under the Warsaw Convention\u0027s Article 17 (for which the airline is responsible)?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. Justice Clarence Thomas delivered the Court\u0027s 6-2 opinion that the events on the airplane were an \u0022accident\u0022 under the Warsaw Convention\u0027s Article 17. The Court cited its 1985 decision in Air France v. Saks, in which it decided any \u0022injury is the product of a chain of causes\u0022 and that an accident occurs when \u0022some link in the chain was an unusual or unexpected event external to the passenger.\u0022 The Court rejected Olympic Airways\u0027 argument that only the cigarette smoke was relevant and that no \u0022accident\u0022 took place because the flight attended simply did not act. The flight attendant\u0027s refusal three times to reseat Husain was a \u0022link in the chain\u0022 of causes leading to his death and the attendant\u0027s rejection of an explicit request for assistance was an \u0022event.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":17846,"name":"Barbara B. McDowell","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/barbara_b_mcdowell","view_count":0,"last_name":"McDowell","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"barbara_b_mcdowell"},"advocate_description":"argued the cause for Respondents","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/18633"},{"advocate":{"ID":16185,"name":"Andrew J. 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