{"ID":55146,"name":"Groh v. Ramirez","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2003\/02-811","view_count":0,"docket_number":"02-811","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Jeff Groh","second_party":"Joseph R. Ramirez, et al.","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1046671200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52643"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1067925600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52644"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1077602400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39027"}],"lower_court":{"ID":5,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/5"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EJeff Groh, a special agent for the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, applied for a search warrant to search the Ramirez ranch for illegal weapons. On the warrant, Groh mistakenly omitted the exact items sought (though he correctly listed the items on the application itself). A federal magistrate issued the warrant.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Ramirezes later sued Groh and the law enforcement officers involved in the search in federal court for violating their Fourth Amendment rights. They argued that the incorrectly completed warrant violated the Fourth Amendment requirement that any items searched for be described in the warrant.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe district court ruled that no constitutional violation took place. The officers, the court held, retained \u0022qualified immunity\u0022 - meaning they are legally immune while doing their jobs unless they violate a \u0022clearly established\u0022 constitutional right.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals panel reversed. The court held that the warrant violated the Fourth Amendment and that Groh is not immune to lawsuit because he was personally responsible for using the warrant.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIf law enforcement officers use a search warrant that does not describe the items sought but is approved by a magistrate judge (and the items sought are described in the application for the warrant), does the search violate the Fourth\u0027s Amendment prohibition of unreasonable searches and seizures? If such a search is unconstitutional, can law enforcement officers be sued for executing the warrants, despite the fact that no court had previously held such a search unconstitutional?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes and yes. Justice John Paul Stevens delivered the Court\u0027s 5-4 opinion holding that the search was \u0022unreasonable\u0022 under the Fourth Amendment. Groh\u0027s warrant was invalid because it did not meet the Fourth Amendment requirement that a warrant particularly describe the persons or things to be seized. True, the magistrate judge approved a complete warrant - but what matters is that the Ramirezes did not know what the search was after. Because the particularity requirement is stated in the Fourth Amendment\u0027s text, \u0022no reasonable officer could believe that a warrant that did not comply with that requirement was valid.\u0022 Groh therefore did not have \u0022qualified immunity\u0022 from suit.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":38933,"name":"Richard A. 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