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Newman, as Next Friend of Jose Padilla","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1077256800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39076"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1083128400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39077"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1088398800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39078"}],"lower_court":{"ID":7,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/7"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EJose Padilla, an American citizen, was arrested in Chicago\u0027s O\u0027Hare International Airport after returning from Pakistan in 2002. He was initially detained as a material witness in the government\u0027s investigation of the al Qaeda terrorist network, but was later declared an \u0022enemy combatant\u0022 by the Department of Defense, meaning that he could be held in prison indefinitely without access to an attorney or to the courts. The FBI claimed that he was returning to the United States to carry out acts of terrorism.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDonna Newman, who had represented him while he was being held as a material witness, filed a petition for habeas corpus on his behalf. The U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York ruled that Newman had standing to file the petition despite the fact that Padilla had been moved to a military brig in South Carolina. However, the court also found that the Department of Defense, under the President\u0027s constitutional powers as Commander in Chief and the statutory authorization provided by Congress\u0027s Authorization for Use of Military Force, had the power to detain Padilla as an enemy combatant. The district judge rejected Newman\u0027s argument that the detention was prohibited by the federal Non-Detention Act, which states that no \u0022citizen shall be imprisoned or otherwise detained by the United States except pursuant to an Act of Congress.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn appeal, a divided Second Circuit Court of Appeals panel reversed the district court\u0027s \u0022enemy combatant\u0022 ruling. The panel found that the Authorization for Use of Military force did not meet the requirement of the Non-Detention Act and that the President could not, therefore, declare American citizens captured outside a combat zone as enemy combatants.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes Congress\u0027s \u0022Authorization for use of Military Force\u0022 authorize the President to detain a United States citizen based on a determination that he is an enemy combatant, or is that power precluded by the Non-Detention Act?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Court did not reach a decision on the merits in this case. Instead, in 5-to-4 opinion written by Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist, the Court found that the case had been improperly filed. Under federal law, a petition for a writ of habeas corpus can only be filed against the person \u003Cem\u003Edirectly\u003C\/em\u003E responsible for a prisoner\u0027s confinement or, put another way, the person with the power to bring the prisoner to court. In most cases this person is the warden of the petitioner\u0027s prison; in this case, it was the commander of the military brig in which Padilla was held. Because Padilla\u0027s attorney had listed Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld as the defendent, instead of the brig commander, and because the suit was filed in New York instead of in South Carolina, where the commander lived and worked, the Court found that the case would have to be re-filed in a federal district court in South Carolina.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustices Stevens, Souter, Ginsberg and Breyer dissented, finding that an exception should be made to the jurisdictional rule because the government had moved Padilla to South Carolina without giving his attorney notice to file the habeas writ.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":37772,"name":"Paul D. 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