{"ID":55189,"name":"Ashcroft v. American Civil Liberties Union","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2003\/03-218","view_count":0,"docket_number":"03-218","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"John D. Ashcroft, Attorney General","second_party":"American Civil Liberties Union, et al.","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1066107600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39146"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1078207200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39147"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1088485200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39148"}],"lower_court":{"ID":8,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/8"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003ECongress passed the Child Online Protection Act (COPA) to prevent minors from accessing pornography online. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and online publishers sued in federal court to prevent enforcement of the act, arguing that it violated the Free Speech clause of the First Amendment. The District Court agreed. On appeal, a Third Circuit Court of Appeals panel affirmed, holding that because the act used \u0022community standards\u0022 to decide which material was harmful to minors, it would prohibit material that was felt offensive in the most \u0022puritanical\u0022 communities from being displayed in more \u0022tolerant\u0022 ones.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn appeal, the Supreme Court ruled that the \u0022community standards\u0022 provision alone did not make the act unconstitutional and sent the case back to the Third Circuit for further evaluation.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Third Circuit again prohibited implementation of the act, holding that it was likely to fail the \u0022strict scrutiny\u0022 test because it was not narrowly tailored - that is, it prevented online publishers from publishing some material that adults had a right to access - and because it did not use the least restrictive means possible to protect children (the court found that blocking software installed on home computers by parents would do as good a job without preventing free speech). For similar reasons, the panel found that the act was unconstitutionally \u0022overbroad\u0022 - that is, it applied to too much protected material.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIs the Child Online Protection Act\u0027s requirement that online publishers prevent children from accessing \u0022material that is harmful to minors\u0022 likely to violate the First Amendment by restricting too much protected speech and using a method that is not the least restrictive one available?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In an interesting 5-to-4 vote, with Justices Kennedy, Stevens, Souter, Thomas and Ginsburg on one side and Chief Justice Rehnquist and Justices Scalia, Breyer and O\u0027Connor on the other, the Court found that Congress had not yet met its burden to show that the COPA requirements were more effective than other methods of preventing minors. Justice Anthony Kennedy, in the majority opinion, wrote that the district court\u0027s injunction \u0022was not an abuse of discretion, because on this record there are a number of plausible, less restrictive alternatives to the statute.\u0022 The majority also emphasized that barring the statute\u0027s enforcement during the trial would be less harmful than allowing it, because allowing it would be likely to prevent online publishers from publishing certain material.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":43165,"name":"Theodore B. Olson","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/theodore_b_olson","view_count":0,"last_name":"Olson","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"theodore_b_olson"},"advocate_description":"argued the cause for Petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/18728"},{"advocate":{"ID":15505,"name":"Ann E. 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