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Oneida Indian Nation of New York","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2004\/03-855","view_count":0,"docket_number":"03-855","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"City of Sherrill, New York","second_party":"Oneida Indian Nation of New York, et al.","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1088398800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39306"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1105423200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39307"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1112076000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39308"}],"lower_court":{"ID":7,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/7"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIn the late 18th century, Congress set aside most of the tribal land of the Oneida Indian Nation of New York as a reservation. The tribe later sold off much of the reservation. In the 1990s members of the tribe began to buy back pieces of the land. The tribe said the reacquired land was part of a reservation and therefore exempt from state and municipal taxes. The City of Sherrill - which encompassed some of the tribe\u0027s property - argued the land was not tax-exempt. The Oneidas sued Sherrill in federal district court and alleged the land was recognized by the 1794 Treaty of Canandaigua as part of their historic reservation. The Oneidas also pointed to the 1790 Non- Intercourse Act that required federal consent for Indian land to lose its reservation status. Sherrill argued the land lost its reservation status after leaving the Oneidas\u0027 ownership originally. The district court and the Second Circuit Court of Appeals ruled for the Oneidas.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EWere land parcels once owned by the Oneida Nation, sold in 1807 but repurchased in the 1990s by the Nation\u0027s descedant tribe, part of an Indian Reservation and thus exempt from local taxes?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. In an 8-1 opinion delivered by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the Court held that standards of federal Indian law and federal equity precluded the Tribe from unilaterally reviving its ancient sovereignty over the land at issue. The Court pointed to the \u0022longstanding, distinctly non-Indian character of central New York and its inhabitants\u0022and the fact that regulatory authority over the land had been exercised by state and local government for 200 years. By giving up the land in the early 19th century, the Oneidas had \u0022relinquished governmental reins and could not regain them through open-market purchases from current titleholders.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":36722,"name":"Malcolm L. Stewart","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/malcolm_l_stewart","view_count":0,"last_name":"Stewart","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"malcolm_l_stewart"},"advocate_description":"argued the cause for Respondents, on behalf of the United States, as amicus curiae","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/18940"},{"advocate":{"ID":36677,"name":"Michael R. 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