{"ID":55211,"name":"Smith v. Massachusetts","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2004\/03-8661","view_count":0,"docket_number":"03-8661","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Melvin T. Smith","second_party":"Massachusetts","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1087189200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39209"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1101880800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39210"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1109052000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39211"}],"lower_court":{"ID":42,"name":"Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/42"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EMelvin T. Smith was tried in for illegal possession of a firearm, among other offenses. During the trial the judge ruled Smith was not guilty because the state failed to introduce direct evidence of the gun\u0027s length - therefore not proving the gun Smith possessed met the statutory definition of a firearm. The state later pointed to the state supreme court\u0027s ruling that testimony that a gun was a pistol or revolver was sufficient evidence to allow a firearm charge to go to the jury. Because a witness had testified that Smith\u0027s gun was a pistol, the judge reversed and sent the possession charge to the jury.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESmith appealed and argued the judge\u0027s reversal of the not guilty ruling on the possession charge violated the Fifth Amendment\u0027s doubly jeopardy clause, which prohibited successive prosecutions. The state court of appeals rejected Smith\u0027s argument and ruled no Fifth Amendment violation occurred because the judge\u0027s reversal did not require a second proceeding.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIs the double jeopardy clause\u0027s prohibition against successive prosecutions, found in the Fifth Amendment, violated when a judge rules that the defendant is not guilty because the government\u0027s evidence is insufficient but later in the trial reverses her finding of not guilty?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. In a 5-4 opinion delivered by Justice Antonin Scalia, the Court held that the double jeopardy clause barred the judge from reconsidering the acquittal on the firearm charge later in the trial. Smith was subjected to successive prosecutions because, according to Court precedent, the midtrial ruling was an acquittal and the submission of the count to the jury was a further proceeding dealing with guilt or innocence. 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