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Nixon appealed and argued he received ineffective counsel in violation of the Sixth Amendment. Nixon said he did not agree to the lawyer\u0027s strategy. After several appeals the Florida Supreme Court granted Nixon a new trial. The court said Nixon\u0027s lawyer\u0027s comments were essentially a guilty plea and that because Nixon did not explicitly agree to the strategy, the lawyer was \u0022per se ineffective.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003E1.) Is a defense lawyer\u0027s use of a strategy that concedes the defendant\u0027s guilt ineffective assistance of counsel if the strategy was pursued without the explicit approval of the defendant? 2.) Should counsel be held to a standard that considers whether counsel\u0027s statements were deficient and prejudicial to the defendant, or should counsel be considered ineffective per se?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EIn a unanimous 8-0 decision, the Court ruled that Nixon\u0027s lawyer\u0027s strategy - pursued without Nixon\u0027s express approval - did not automatically qualify the lawyer as ineffective. The Court reversed the ruling of the Florida Supreme Court, faulting that court for inappropriately applying presumptions of prejudice and deficient performance. The opinion by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg held that \u0022When counsel informs the defendant of the strategy counsel believes to be in the defendant\u0027s best interest and the defendant is unresponsive, counsel\u0027s strategic choice is not impeded by any blanket rule demanding the defendant\u0027s explicit consent.\u0022 Nixon\u0027s lawyer would have needed Nixon\u0027s consent for a formal guilty plea, but the Court ruled that the tactic of effectively conceding guilt in order to concentrate on the sentencing phase of the trial was legitimate as long as the defendant was informed of the strategy. Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist took no part in the decision of the case.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":23318,"name":"Edward H. 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