{"ID":55246,"name":"Dodd v. United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2004\/04-5286","view_count":0,"docket_number":"04-5286","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Michael Donald Dodd","second_party":"United States","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1101708000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39300"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1111471200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39301"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1119243600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39302"}],"lower_court":{"ID":15,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/15"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 1997, Dodd was convicted under federal law for knowingly and intentionally engaging in a continuing criminal enterprise. On April 4, 2001 he filed a motion that the conviction should be set aside because it was contrary to the U.S. Supreme Court\u0027s decision in 1999 in Richardson v. U.S. In that case, the Court held that a jury must agree unanimously that a defendant is guilty of each of the specific violations that constitute the continuing criminal enterprise. The district court rejected Dodd\u0027s motion, because it was filed more than a year after the Court decided Richardson. Under federal law, the one-year limitation period in which a prisoner may file a motion to change his sentence, begins \u0022on the date on which the right asserted was initially recognized by the Supreme Court, if that right has been newly recognized by the Supreme Court and made retroactively applicable to cases on collateral review.\u0022 The 11th Circuit affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIs the start date for a federal prisoner\u0027s one-year limitation period the date on which the Court \u0022initially recongized\u0022 the right asserted in an applicant\u0027s motion, or the date on which the right is \u0022made retroactive?\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EIn a 5-4 opinion delivered by Justice Sandra Day O\u0027Connor, the Court held that the text of the federal law \u0022unequivocally\u0022 stated that the one-year limitation period begins to run on the date on which the Court \u0022initially recongized\u0022 the right, not the date on which that right was made retroactive. O\u0027Connor wrote that Dodd\u0027s reliance on the statute\u0027s second clause was misplaced, because that clause merely limited the subsection\u0027s applicability to cases where applicants assert rights both \u0022newly recognized by the Supreme Court and made applicable to cases on collateral reviiew.\u0022 Thus, the date the right was asserted does not apply at all unless the second clause\u0027s conditions are met. The Court noted that this would make it difficult for applicants filing second or successive motions to obtain relief, since the Court rarely announces a new rule and makes it retroactive within a year.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":28932,"name":"Janice L. 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