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During the sentencing phase of the trial, jurors found that the mitigating factors and aggravating factors were in equipoise (i.e., of equal weight). The Kansas capital punishment statute specifically provided for the imposition of the death penalty in that circumstance, so Marsh was sentenced to death. After Marsh\u0027s sentencing, however, the Kansas Supreme Court in \u003Cem\u003EState v. Kleypas\u003C\/em\u003E found fault with the concept of the death penalty as a \u0022tie-breaker.\u0022 The ruled in \u003Cem\u003EKleypas\u003C\/em\u003E that \u0022fundamental fairness requires that a \u0027tie goes to the defendant\u0027 when life or death is at issue.\u0022 The State argued that while the prosecution has the burden of proof during the trial, the burden can be shifted to the defendant during the sentencing phase, so that the defendant must show that he deserves less than a death sentence. The Kansas Supreme Court disagreed, and overturned Kansas\u0027s death penalty statute as unconstitutional under the Eighth Amendment.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003E(1) Does a statute that provides for the death penalty when mitigating and aggravating factors are in equipoise violate the Eighth Amendment\u0027s ban on cruel and unusual punishment? (2) Does the Supreme Court have jurisdiction to review the Kansas Supreme Court\u0027s judgment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo and Yes. By a 5-4 vote, the Court reversed the Kansas Supreme Court and upheld the Kansas death penalty statute. The Court found that the Kansas Supreme Court\u0027s decision had necessarily rested on a federal constitutional issue, so the Supreme Court had jurisdiction to hear the case. The opinion by Justice Thomas drew a comparison with a similar death penalty statute in Arizona that was upheld in \u003Cem\u003EWalton v. Arizona\u003C\/em\u003E. The Court decided to let the \u003Cem\u003EWalton\u003C\/em\u003E precedent stand and uphold the Kansas statute as well. Even apart from the \u003Cem\u003EWalton\u003C\/em\u003E precedent, however, the Court would have upheld the statute as \u0022consistent with Eighth Amendment requirements.\u0022 As long as juries are allowed to consider all of the relevant mitigating evidence, states are allowed to require the death penalty when aggravating and mitigating factors are equally balanced. Justice Souter, joined by Justices Stevens, Ginsburg, and Breyer, dissented from the Court\u0027s opinion. Justice Souter wrote that various death penalty precedents suggested that the statute could not stand up to \u0022reasoned moral judgment.\u0022 He called the Kansas death penalty statute \u0022morally absurd,\u0022 \u0022a moral irrationality,\u0022 and \u0022obtuse by any moral or social measure.\u0022 Justice Stevens wrote a separate dissent arguing that the Court should never have agreed to hear the case.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":38072,"name":"Phill Kline","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/phill_kline","view_count":0,"last_name":"Kline","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"phill_kline"},"advocate_description":"argued the cause for Petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/19217"},{"advocate":{"ID":40738,"name":"Rebecca E. 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