{"ID":55365,"name":"Hudson v. Michigan","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2005\/04-1360","view_count":0,"docket_number":"04-1360","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Booker T. Hudson, Jr.","second_party":"Michigan","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1119848400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39628"},{"event":"Reargued","dates":[1147928400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/51881"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1150347600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52225"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1136786400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52226"}],"lower_court":{"ID":76,"name":"State appellate court","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/courts\/state_appellate_court"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EBooker T. Hudson was convicted of drug and firearm possession in state court after police found cocaine and a gun in his home. The police had a search warrant, but failed to follow the Fourth Amendment \u0022knock and announce\u0022 rule which requires police officers to wait 20-30 seconds after knocking and announcing their presence before they enter the home. The trial judge ruled that the evidence found in the home could therefore not be used, but the Michigan Court of Appeals reversed based on two Michigan Supreme Court cases that created an exception to the suppression of evidence when the evidence in question would have inevitably been found.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the general rule excluding evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment apply to the \u0022knock-and-announce\u0022 rule?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. In a 5-4 decision, the Court ruled that evidence need not be excluded when police violate the \u0022knock-and-announce\u0022 rule. The opinion by Justice Scalia reaffirmed the validity of both the knock-and-announce rule and the \u0022exclusionary rule\u0022 for evidence obtained by police in most cases of Fourth Amendment violation. However, the majority held that the exclusionary rule could not be invoked for evidence obtained after a knock-and-announce violation, because the interests violated by the abrupt entry of the police \u0022have nothing to do with the seizure of the evidence.\u0022 Justice Scalia wrote that the knock-and-announce rule was meant to prevent violence, property-damage, and impositions on privacy, not to prevent police from conducting a search for which they have a valid warrant. The Court also found that the social costs of the exclusionary rule as applied to the knock-and-announce rule outweighed any possible \u0022deterrence benefits,\u0022 and that alternative measures such as civil suits and internal police discipline could adequately deter violations. Justice Stephen Breyer wrote a dissenting opinion, and was joined by Justices Stevens, Souter, and Ginsburg. The dissent noted the Court\u0027s long history of upholding the exclusionary rule and doubted that the majority\u0027s cited precedents supported its conclusion. The dissent also expressed doubt that knock-and-announce violations could be deterred without excluding the evidence obtained from the searches.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELearn more about the Roberts Court and the Fourth Amendment in \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/projects.oyez.org\/shifting-scales\/\u0022\u003EShifting Scales\u003C\/a\u003E, a nonpartisan Oyez resource.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":42452,"name":"Timothy A. 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