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The Nation purchases the gas from non-Indian, off-reservation distributors. Kansas imposed a tax on distributors of motor fuels, which the distributors pass on to the gas stations they sell to. The Nation sued Wagnon, the Secretary of the Kansas Department of Revenue, seeking to avoid the tax. The Nation argued that the state\u0027s tax interfered with the tribe\u0027s sovereignty, and therefore was not allowed by federal law. Wagnon claimed that since the tax was on off-reservation suppliers, the Nation\u0027s sovereignty was unaffected. The District Court accepted that argument and ruled for Wagnon. The Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed, applying the interest-balancing test prescribed by \u003Cem\u003EWhite Mountain Apache Tribe v. Bracker.\u003C\/em\u003E The Circuit Court found that the tribe\u0027s interests in economic development, tribal self-sufficiency, and strong tribal government out-weighed Kansas\u0027s interest in raising revenue.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EWhen a State taxes receipt of fuel by non-tribal, off-reservation distributors, manufacturers, and importers, should the \u003Cem\u003EWhite Mountain Apache v. Bracker\u003C\/em\u003E interest-balancing test apply if the fuel is later sold by an Indian tribe?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. In a 7-2 decision authored by Justice Clarence Thomas, the Court ruled that the \u003Cem\u003EWhite Mountain Apache v. Bracker\u003C\/em\u003E balancing test applies only where \u0022a State asserts authority over the conduct of non-Indians engaging in activity on the reservation.\u0022 The Court ruled for Wagnon and upheld the tax, agreeing with the District Court that the balancing test should not apply to taxes on off-reservation distributors. Justice Thomas wrote that keeping the scope of the test narrow would maintain the traditional concept of tribal sovereignty, establish a \u0022bright-line standard\u0022 in Indian tax-immunity, and still respect tribal authority over on-reservation activities. Justice Ginsburg wrote a dissent, which Justice Kennedy joined.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":22617,"name":"Edwin S. 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