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Stone","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1159246800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39728"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1165298400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39729"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1174971600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39730"}],"lower_court":{"ID":14,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/14"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EStone sued his employer, nuclear weapons plant operator Rockwell International, under the False Claims Act (FCA). He took advantage of the FCA\u0027s \u0022qui tam\u0022 provision, which allows an individual to sue on behalf of the government. Stone alleged that Rockwell had made false claims about the environmental safety of \u0022pondcrete,\u0022 a mixture of cement and sludge used for nuclear waste storage. In a qui tam action under the FCA, the person bringing the suit must be the \u0022original source\u0022 of the information on which his claim is based. Rockwell argued that Stone was not an original source because he did not have \u0022direct and independent knowledge\u0022 of the information at issue in the suit, as required by the FCA.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe District Court ruled that Stone qualified as an original source, and a divided panel of the U.S. Circuit Court for the Tenth Circuit affirmed. The Supreme Court agreed to resolve the question of how much and what kind of knowledge an FCA qui tam plaintiff must have.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EWhat kind of \u0022direct and independent\u0022 knowledge must an employee bringing suit under the False Claims Act have in order to qualify as an \u0022original source\u0022?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Court ruled 6-2 that Stone did not qualify as an \u0022original source\u0022 with \u0022direct and independent knowledge of the information on which the allegations are based\u0022 for purposes of the False Claims Act. Justice Antonin Scalia\u0027s opinion interpreted the word \u0022information\u0022 as referring to information on which the relator\u0027s (in this case Stone\u0027s) claim is based and not to any information underlying publicly disclosed allegations. The Court further pinpointed the meaning of the ambiguous statute by holding that \u0022allegations\u0022 means the allegations in the relator\u0027s amended complaint and not just those in the original complaint. The Court concluded that \u0022[j]udged according to the principles set forth above, Stone\u0027s knowledge falls short.\u0022 The government\u0027s investigation did turn up Rockwell\u0027s deceptions concerning the production of defective pondcrete, but the information provided by Stone was not directly related to the government\u0027s discoveries. In order for Stone to bring a qui tam action under the False Claims Act, he would have had to be the original source of information that was actually used to prosecute Rockwell. Since the claims involving Stone\u0027s information were ultimately dropped in the amended complaint, he could not bring the suit. 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