{"ID":55427,"name":"Zuni Public School Dist. No. 89 v. Department of Education","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2006\/05-1508","view_count":0,"docket_number":"05-1508","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Zuni Public School District No. 89 et al.","second_party":"United States Department of Education et al.","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1159246800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39792"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1168408800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39793"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1176786000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/39794"}],"lower_court":{"ID":14,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/14"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Department of Education certified that the state of New Mexico equalizes educational expenditures among school districts. The certification of equalization allowed New Mexico to offset its funding of districts located on Indian Reservations by a proportion of the federal Impact Aid payments made to those districts. Zuni Public School District objected to the certification, arguing that the Department had not followed the statutory formula for determining that a state\u0027s expenditures are equalized. Outlier school districts falling above the 95th or below the 5th percentile in per-pupil expenditures were excluded from consideration when the Department determined equalization. The Department calculated these percentiles based on the total student population, but Zuni argued that 20 U.S.C. Section 7709 had repealed that policy.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAn administrative judge dismissed Zuni\u0027s complaint, and the Secretary of Education affirmed on the ground that the law was ambiguous. A divided panel of the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit upheld the Secretary\u0027s decision as a valid interpretation of the statute. In a rehearing by the entire Circuit Court, the 12 judges split evenly, again upholding the ruling.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EWas the Secretary of Education\u0027s regulatory formula for determining whether a state\u0027s education funding is equalized among its school districts consistent with 20 U.S.C. Section 7709, the Federal Impact Aid Program?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. The Court voted 5-4 in favor of the Department of Education, affirming the lower court. In his majority opinion, Justice Stephen Breyer agreed with the Secretary of Education\u0027s argument that 20 U.S.C. 7709 was ambiguous on the specific formula to be used. Since administrative agencies have wide latitude to interpret their governing statutes, the Court gave deference to the Secretary\u0027s formula for calculating the 5th and 95th percentiles for the purpose of determining expenditure equalization. The majority concluded that \u0022[...] the history of the statute strongly supports the Secretary.\u0022 No member of Congress had expressed an opinion on the formula to be used, so the Department would have been free to calculate the percentiles using either formula. In response to Zuni\u0027s statutory-language based argument, the Court ruled that the statute\u0027s phrasing could encompass the Secretary\u0027s method of calculating excluded districts based on per-pupil expenditure percentiles of the total student population. The four dissenting Justices argued that the statute required the Secretary to calculate the percentiles based on a comparison of the per-pupil expenditures of the districts.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":34853,"name":"Leigh Marc Manasevit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/leigh_marc_manasevit","view_count":0,"last_name":"Manasevit","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"leigh_marc_manasevit"},"advocate_description":"argued the cause for Respondent, on behalf of state respondent","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/19414"},{"advocate":{"ID":40662,"name":"Ronald J. 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