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Under the standard state sentencing guidelines, the burglary and robbery alone warranted the maximum sentence for a single criminal event. In order to make sure the rape was punished as well, the trial judge added a consecutive sentence for the rape to the standard sentence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBurton filed a habeas corpus petition challenging his sentence in federal court. He argued that under \u003Cem\u003EBlakely v. Washington\u003C\/em\u003E, handed down after his conviction, the jury rather than the judge should have decided whether to add the extra sentence. The government argued that the holding in \u003Cem\u003EBlakely\u003C\/em\u003E was a \u0022new rule.\u0022 Under the Court\u0027s decision in \u003Cem\u003ETeague v. Lane\u003C\/em\u003E, new rules of criminal procedure do not apply retroactively. Burton countered that the relevant rule was actually established in \u003Cem\u003EApprendi v. New Jersey\u003C\/em\u003E, a decision handed down before his conviction became final. Burton also argued that even if \u003Cem\u003EBlakely\u003C\/em\u003E is a new rule, it is essential for a fair trial. New rules that are essential for the fundamental fairness of trials can apply retroactively.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled against Burton. The Appeals Court held that \u003Cem\u003EBlakely\u003C\/em\u003E was a new rule, so it could not be used by Burton in his appeal.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003E1) Is the holding in \u003Cem\u003EBlakely v. Washington\u003C\/em\u003E a new rule or was it dictated by \u003Cem\u003EApprendi v. New Jersey\u003C\/em\u003E?\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E2) If \u003Cem\u003EBlakely\u003C\/em\u003E is a new rule, does its requirement that facts resulting in an enhanced statutory maximum be proved before a jury apply retroactively?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EUnanswered. 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