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Though the sentence fell within the range prescribed by the Federal Sentencing Guidelines and under the statutory maximum, Rita appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. He argued that the judge should not have sentenced him without explicitly considering factors enumerated in 18 U.S.C. 3553(a) that might justify imposing a lesser sentence. The government argued that the judge could presume the sentence reasonable if it fell within the guidelines, even without an explicit analysis of 18 U.S.C. 3553(a) factors. The Supreme Court had previously ruled in \u003Cem\u003EU.S. v. Booker\u003C\/em\u003E that sentencing judges could only treat the guidelines as advisory, not as mandatory. The Fourth Circuit accepted the government\u0027s arguments and ruled that a presumption of reasonableness for within-Guidelines sentences did not violate \u003Cem\u003EBooker\u003C\/em\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003E1) Does the Supreme Court\u0027s decision in \u003Cem\u003EU.S. v. Booker\u003C\/em\u003E allow courts to accord a presumption of reasonableness to sentences that fall within the Federal Sentencing Guidelines? 2) If so, may a court presume a within- Guidelines sentence reasonable without an explicit analysis of the 18 U.S.C. 3553(a) factors that might justify a lesser sentence?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes and yes. The Court ruled that courts of appeals may apply a nonbinding presumption of reasonableness to within-Guidelines sentences. Justice Stephen Breyer wrote the opinion for the 8-1 majority. The Court held that when the sentencing judge and the guidelines established by the Sentencing Commission agree on the proper sentence in a case, the \u0022double determination significantly increases the likelihood that the sentence is a reasonable one.\u0022 The Court reasoned that since the presumption of reasonableness for within- Guidelines sentences does not forbid any judge from imposing a sentence outside the Guidelines, the presumption is consistent with \u003Cem\u003EBooker\u003C\/em\u003E. This presumption of reasonableness does not imply that courts can apply a presumption of unreasonableness to sentences outside the Guidelines ranges. The Court also found that the District judge had acted reasonably in imposing Rita\u0027s within-Guidelines sentence. Though the judge had not undertaken an explicit extended analysis of the sentencing factors in 18 U.S.C. 3553(a), the Court found his analysis \u0022brief but legally sufficient.\u0022 It was clear from the context that the judge had considered and rejected each factor that might have justified a lesser sentence, and the Court said, \u0022we cannot read the statute (or our precedent) as insisting upon a full opinion in every case.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":42550,"name":"Thomas N. Cochran","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/thomas_n_cochran","view_count":0,"last_name":"Cochran","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"thomas_n_cochran"},"advocate_description":"for the petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/19349"},{"advocate":{"ID":35719,"name":"Michael R. 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