{"ID":55539,"name":"Winter v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2008\/07-1239","view_count":0,"docket_number":"07-1239","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Donald C. Winter, Secretary of the Navy","second_party":"Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1214197200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/40102"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1223442000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/40103"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1226469600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/40104"}],"lower_court":{"ID":5,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/5"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003ENatural Resources Defense Council along with other environmental groups object to the \u0022SOCAL\u0022 exercises, scheduled to take place between February 2007 and January 2009. The groups felt the exercises would cause serious harm to various species of marine mammal present in the southern California waters. The groups sought a preliminary injunction to prevent the Navy from carrying out the exercises. The district court granted the injunction, finding that the NRDC had demonstrated probable success on its claim that the Navy had violated the National Environmental Policy Act by failing to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) regarding the exercises. The district court also denied the efforts of the Council on Environmental Quality to provide \u0022alternative arrangements\u0022 for the Navy to proceed without an EIS. The district court stated that such arrangements require \u0022emergency circumstances\u0022 not applicable to the case\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit agreed with the district court and upheld the decision granting the injunction. The court reviewed the findings under an \u0022abuse of discretion\u0022 standard and determined that the district court had not abused its discretion in finding that the environmental groups raised substantial questions as to whether the exercises would have a significant impact on the environment and that these claims were likely to succeed on the merits. Furthermore, the district court had acted properly when it found that allowing long-planned, routine training exercises to meet the \u0022emergency circumstances\u0022 exception would create an unacceptably broad definition of that phrase.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003ECan federal courts grant preliminary injunctions on Naval training exercises based on the possible negative environmental impact of those exercises when the Navy fails to complete an Environmental Impact Statement as required by the National Environmental Policy Act?\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhat circumstances are necessary to allow the Navy to conduct exercises without an Environmental Impact Statement under the \u0022emergency circumstances\u0022 exception of the National Environmental Policy Act?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo and not specifically determined. The Supreme Court held in a 5-4 decision authored by Chief Justice John G. Roberts that the standard for properly granting a preliminary injunction is not based on the \u0022possibility\u0022 of irreparable harm to marine life, but rather that \u0022irreparable injury is likely\u0022 in the absence of such an injunction. Regardless, the Court reasoned that in this case the public interest in conducting naval training exercises outweighed even certain irreparable harm to marine life. Therefore, the Court reversed the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and removed the preliminary injunction against the Navy\u0027s training exercises. It further instructed that if a district court finds the Navy must complete an Environmental Impact Statement, it need find alternative ways to persuade the Navy to comply, other than through an injunction.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Stepehen G. Breyer filed a separate opinion, concurring in part and dissenting in part. While agreeing with much of the majority\u0027s reasoning, he advocated keeping in place the court of appeals\u0027 modified injunction against naval exercises, at least until Navy\u0027s publication of an acceptable Environmental Impact Statement. Justice Ruth Bader Ginsberg joined by Justice David H. Souter dissented finding that the District Court appropriately used its discretion to order a preliminary injunction against the Navy.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":25346,"name":"Gregory G. Garre","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/gregory_g_garre","view_count":0,"last_name":"Garre","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"gregory_g_garre"},"advocate_description":"Solicitor General, Department of Justice, argued the cause for the petitioners","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/19675"},{"advocate":{"ID":39665,"name":"Richard B. 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