{"ID":55613,"name":"Rivera v. Illinois","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2008\/07-9995","view_count":0,"docket_number":"07-9995","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Michael Rivera","second_party":"Illinois","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1222837200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/40312"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1235368800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/40313"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1238475600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/40314"}],"lower_court":{"ID":34,"name":"Supreme Court of Illinois","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/34"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 1998, Michael Rivera was convicted in an Illinois court on two counts of first degree murder and sentenced to 85 years in prison. Before the trial, Mr. Rivera\u0027s attorney moved to dismiss a potential juror. The judge did not allow it deeming the motion discriminatory towards the juror. On appeal after his conviction, Mr. Rivera argued that the trial court erred in dismissing the pre-trial motion and thus his conviction should be reversed. The Illinois Supreme Court remanded the case with instructions for the trial court to specify how the motion was discriminatory. After the trial court found that gender discrimination was at issue, the Illinois Supreme Court continued its review.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt held that Mr. Rivera was improperly denied his pre-trial motion to dismiss the juror. It reasoned that there was no evidence Mr. Rivera\u0027s attorney aimed to dismiss the juror because of her gender. However, it also found that this was harmless error. It explained that there was no evidence that indicated Mr. Rivera was tried before a biased jury because of the improperly dismissed motion. Thus, Mr. Rivera\u0027s conviction should stand.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes an error in dismissing a defendant\u0027s pre-trial motion to dismiss a juror require automatic reversal of conviction because it denies the defendant\u0027s right to an impartial jury guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. A unanimous Supreme Court held that the Due Process Clause does not require the automatic reversal of a conviction because of the trial court\u0027s good-faith error in denying the defendant\u0027s preemptory challenge to a juror, provided that all the jurors are qualified and unbiased. In her opinion for the Court, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg reasoned that since there is no constitutional right to peremptory challenges, the mistaken denial of a preemptory challenge does not on its own violate the Constitution. 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