{"ID":55708,"name":"City of Ontario v. Quon","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2009\/08-1332","view_count":0,"docket_number":"08-1332","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"City of Ontario, California et al.","second_party":"Jeff Quon, et al.","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1260770400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/40554"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1271653200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/40555"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1276750800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/40556"}],"lower_court":{"ID":5,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/5"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EEmployees of the City of Ontario, California police department filed a 42 U.S.C. \u00a7 1983 claim in a California federal district court against the police department, city, chief of police, and an internal affairs officer. They alleged Fourth Amendment violations in relation to the police department\u0027s review of text messages made by an employee on a city issued text-message pager. While the city did not have an official text-messaging privacy policy, it did have a general \u0022Computer Usage, Internet and E-mail Policy.\u0022 The policy in part stated that \u0022[t]he City of Ontario reserves the right to monitor and log all network activity including e-mail and Internet use, with or without notice,\u0022 and that \u0022[u]sers should have no expectation of privacy or confidentiality when using these resources.\u0022 Employees were told verbally that the text-messaging pagers were considered e-mail and subject to the general policy. The district court entered judgment in favor of the defendants.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn appeal, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed in part. The court held that city employees had a reasonable expectation of privacy for the text messages they sent on their city-issued pagers because there was no text message privacy policy in place. Moreover, the court noted that the police department\u0027s review of the text messages was unreasonable because it could have used \u0022less intrusive methods\u0022 to determine whether employees\u0027 had properly used the text messaging service.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003E1) Does a city employee have a reasonable expectation of privacy in text messages transmitted on his city-issued pager when the police department has no official privacy policy for the pagers?\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E2) Did the Ninth Circuit contravene Supreme Court precedent by analyzing whether the police department could have used \u0022less intrusive methods\u0022 of reviewing text messages?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENot answered. Yes. The Supreme Court held that the City of Ontario did not violate its employees\u0027 Fourth Amendment rights because the city\u0027s search of Mr. Quon\u0027s text messages was reasonable. With Justice Anthony M. Kennedy writing for the majority, the Court reasoned that even assuming that Mr. Quon had a reasonable expectation of privacy in his text messages, the city\u0027s search of them was reasonable because it was motivated by a legitimate work-related purpose and was not excessive in scope. In reaching its conclusion, the Court rejected the Ninth Circuit\u0027s \u0022least intrusive\u0022 means approach to the issue.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice John Paul Stevens concurred. He observed that the majority had not settled on one of the three approaches enunciated in \u003Cem\u003EO\u0027Connor v. Ortega\u003C\/em\u003E for determining the parameters of a \u0022reasonable expectation of privacy.\u0022 He reasoned that under any of the three approaches, Mr. Quon\u0027s expectations were not violated. Justice Antonin Scalia concurred in part and concurred in the judgment. He disagreed that the Court tacitly reaffirmed the \u003Cem\u003EO\u0027Connor\u003C\/em\u003E framework for determining whether the Fourth Amendment applies to public employees, arguing that it was \u0022standardless\u0022 and \u0022unsupported.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELearn more about the Roberts Court and the Fourth Amendment in \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/projects.oyez.org\/shifting-scales\/\u0022\u003EShifting Scales\u003C\/a\u003E, a nonpartisan Oyez resource.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":33948,"name":"Kent L. 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