{"ID":55710,"name":"Skilling v. United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2009\/08-1394","view_count":0,"docket_number":"08-1394","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Jeffrey Skilling","second_party":"United States","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1255410000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/40560"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1267423200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/40561"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1277355600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/40562"}],"lower_court":{"ID":10,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/10"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EA Texas federal district court convicted Jeffrey Skilling of conspiracy, securities fraud, making false representations to auditors, and insider trading. Mr. Skilling was the former C.E.O. of Enron Corp. On appeal, he argued that the government prosecuted him under an invalid legal theory and that the jury was biased.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed the conviction, but vacated Mr. Skilling\u0027s sentence and remanded the case for resentencing. The court first held that the government\u0027s theory under the \u0022Honest Services\u0022 fraud statute was valid. It reasoned that it was immaterial whether Enron\u0027s board of directors knew or even tacitly approved of Mr. Skilling\u0027s fraudulent conduct when he withheld information that would lead a reasonable employer to change its conduct. Moreover, the court held that while Mr. Skilling proved that there was sufficient inflammatory and pervasive pretrial publicity to require a presumption that prejudice tainted the jury, the government met its burden to show that jury screening was adequate, and that the district court did not empanel any juror who was unconstitutionally prejudiced.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003E1) Does the \u0022Honest Services\u0022 fraud statute, 18 U.S.C. Section 1346, require the government to prove that defendant\u0027s conduct was intended to achieve \u0022private gain\u0022, and, if not, is Section 1346 unconstitutionally vague?\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E2) When the presumption of jury prejudice arises because of widespread community impact of the defendant\u0027s alleged conduct and widespread inflammatory pretrial publicity, may the government rebut the presumption of prejudice, and, if so, must the government prove beyond a reasonable doubt that no juror was actually prejudiced?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENot answered, Not answered. The Supreme Court held that pretrial publicity and community prejudice did not prevent Mr. Skilling from obtaining a fair trial. He did not establish that a presumption of juror prejudice arose or that actual bias infected the jury that tried him. With Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg writing for the majority, the Court noted substantial differences between Mr. Skilling\u0027s case and in those where a presumption of juror prejudice arose. Most notably, the Court recognized that Mr. Skilling\u0027s trial took place in Houston, the fourth most populous city in the United States, as opposed to a local hamlet where it would more difficult to weed out biased jurors. The Court also recognized that the jury that convicted Mr. Skilling acquitted him of nine other counts. The Court further held that Section 1346, which proscribes fraudulent deprivations of \u0022the intangible right of honest services,\u0022 is properly confined to cover only bribery and kickback schemes. Here, Mr. Skilling\u0027s alleged misconduct entailed no bribe or kickback, and thus did not fall within Section 1346\u0027s coverage.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Antonin Scalia, joined by Justices Clarence Thomas and Anthony M. Kennedy, concurred in part and concurred in the judgment. He agreed with the Court\u0027s holding and reasoning as to Mr. Skilling\u0027s jury impartiality challenge. He also agreed that the Fifth Circuit\u0027s decision with respect to the \u0022honest services fraud\u0022 claim warranted reversal, but on different grounds. He reasoned that Section 1346 is impermissibly vague and therefore violates the constitution. Justice Samuel A. Alito also concurred in part and concurred in the judgment. He clarified that his understanding of the \u0022impartial jury\u0022 requirement dictated by the Sixth Amendment requires only that \u0022no biased juror is actually seated at trial.\u0022 Justice Sonia Sotomayor, joined by Justices John Paul Stevens and Stephen G. Breyer, concurred in part and dissented in part. She agreed with the Court\u0027s resolution of the \u0022honest services fraud\u0022 claim. However, she disagreed that Mr. Skilling received a fair trial considering the hostility that emerged in Houston after the collapse of Enron.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":42056,"name":"Sri Srinivasan","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/sri_srinivasan","view_count":0,"last_name":"Srinivasan","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"sri_srinivasan"},"advocate_description":"for the petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/20037"},{"advocate":{"ID":35719,"name":"Michael R. 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