{"ID":55688,"name":"McDaniel v. Brown","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2009\/08-559","view_count":0,"docket_number":"08-559","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"E. K. McDaniel, Warden, et al.","second_party":"Troy Brown","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1232949600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/40504"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1263189600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52745"}],"lower_court":null,"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EOn January 29, 1994, around 1:00 a.m., nine-year-old Jane Doe was raped in the bedroom of her trailer in Carlin, Nevada. Troy Brown and his brother Travis lived in the same trailer park as Jane Doe. Their brother Trent and his wife lived in a trailer across the street from Jane Doe\u0027s trailer. Both Troy and Trent were acquainted with Jane Doe\u0027s family, but Jane did not know Travis.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThat night, Troy drank at least ten shots of vodka followed by beer chasers; he was so drunk that he vomited on himself after leaving a bar at 12:15 a.m. Two witnesses saw a man stumbling between the Browns\u0027 trailer and that of Jane Doe\u0027s family around 1:00 a.m. Jane Doe called her mother to report the rape at approximately 1:00 a.m.; according to Troy, he returned to his trailer from the bar at approximately 1:30 a.m, theoretically giving him enough time to assault Jane Doe.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETroy Brown was arrested and charged with two counts of sexual assault on a child, attempted murder, and abuse and neglect of a child resulting in substantial mental harm.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere was a large amount of conflicting evidence drawn from Jane Doe\u0027s testimony and from the crime scene itself. Most relevantly, the state\u0027s expert tested semen taken from Jane Doe\u0027s underwear. She determined that the DNA matched Troy\u0027s and testified that the probability it belonged to another person from the general population was 1 in 3,000,000. Troy Brown\u0027s family tested the semen independently and found a random match probability of 1 in 10,000, but this was not introduced into evidence at trial. The jury found Troy Brown guilty of sexual assault and abuse and neglect of a child and sentenced him to life in prison with the possibility of parole after 10 years.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn appeal, Brown argued that double jeopardy barred the duplication of sexual assault charges, that the DNA evidence was improperly admitted, and that the evidence was insufficient to sustain his conviction. The Nevada Supreme Court vacated the charge for abuse and neglect and remanded to the trial court for sentencing. The trial court again sentenced Brown to life in prison. His petition for post-conviction relief was denied.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn appeal to the district court, Brown claimed that the state\u0027s evidence was legally insufficient to prove his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, using the habeas corpus review developed by the Court in \u003Cem\u003EJackson v. Virginia\u003C\/em\u003E. Brown submitted a report prepared by Laurence Mueller, a professor in ecology and evolutionary biology (\u0022Mueller report\u0022). The Mueller Report suggested that the prosecution\u0027s random match probability gave an improper impression that the likelihood of Troy Brown\u0027s innocence was also 1 in 3,000,000. It also questioned the state expert\u0027s testimony on the probability that one of Troy Brown\u0027s brothers would match the DNA sample, arguing that the likelihood of a match to one of Troy\u0027s brothers was as high as 1 in 66. The district court supplemented the record with the Mueller Report, as it was not presented to any state court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe district court then set aside the state\u0027s DNA testimony as unreliable and held that no rational jury could find guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, affirmed the district court\u0027s ruling in a divided decision. It held that the district court did not abuse its discretion by supplementing the record with the Mueller report and that the admission of the state\u0027s DNA evidence was a due process violation and a violation of federal law.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid the U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, properly apply the \u003Cem\u003EJackson\u003C\/em\u003E analysis in determining whether or not Brown\u0027s conviction was rational? May the district court consider the Mueller report as part of a \u003Cem\u003EJackson\u003C\/em\u003E analysis?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo and no. In a \u003Cem\u003Eper curiam\u003C\/em\u003E opinion with two justices concurring, the Court held that the Mueller report could not be considered as part of a \u003Cem\u003EJackson\u003C\/em\u003E analysis. The Court noted that the respondent no longer argued that it was proper to admit the Mueller report as a supplement. Moreover, the Mueller report did not contest that the DNA matched Troy Brown, although it did suggest that the state\u0027s expert overstated the DNA evidence\u0027s value. The Court pointed to other evidence placing Troy Brown\u0027s brothers away from the scene of the crime, and argued that the jury could have rationally inferred from the evidence that Troy was at the scene of the crime at the time of the assault. It reasoned that the Ninth Circuit failed to take this circumstantial evidence into account. The Court declined to decide whether or not the DNA evidence was improperly admitted under federal law because the respondent did not properly raise the question.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Clarence Thomas, joined by Justice Antonin Scalia, concurred. He wrote that the Ninth Circuit\u0027s judgment was incorrect because it took into consideration evidence that was not admitted at trial. According to Justice Thomas, this was sufficient to show that the Ninth Circuit\u0027s \u003Cem\u003EJackson\u003C\/em\u003E analysis was not proper.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":null,"oral_argument_audio":null,"citation":{"volume":"558","page":"120","year":"2010","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_citation\/case_citation\/19610"},"decisions":[{"description":"The Mueller report can not be considered as part of a Jackson analysis.","votes":[{"member":{"ID":15086,"name":"John G. 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