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After exhausting his state court remedies, he petitioned for habeas corpus relief in a California federal district court, arguing that he was denied effective assistance of counsel at both the guilt and sentencing phases of his trial. The district court upheld Pinholster\u0027s conviction but granted habeas relief on his death sentence. A panel of the Ninth Circuit reversed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDuring rehearing en banc, the Ninth Circuit vacated the panel opinion and affirmed the District Court\u2019s grant of habeas relief, holding that the denial of habeas relief during the guilt phase was appropriate, but not during the penalty phase. The court noted that \u003Cem\u003EStrickland v. Washington\u003C\/em\u003E requires trial counsel to investigate mitigating evidence at the penalty phase. Here, the court reasoned that Pinholster\u0027s counsel failed meet to meet his obligations.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003ECan a federal court overturn a state criminal conviction on the basis of facts the defendant could have alleged, but did not, in state court?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. The Supreme Court reversed the lower court order in an opinion by Justice Clarence Thomas. Limiting \u0022review to the state-court record is consistent with our precedents,\u0022 Thomas wrote for the 5-4 majority. 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