{"ID":55764,"name":"Sykes v. United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2010\/09-11311","view_count":0,"docket_number":"09-11311","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Marcus Sykes","second_party":"United States","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1285650000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/40695"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1294812000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/40696"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1307595600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/40697"}],"lower_court":{"ID":12,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/12"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EMarcus Sykes pleaded guilty to being a felon in possession of a firearm. The U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana enhanced Sykes\u0027 sentence under the ACCA after determining that he had previously been found guilty of three violent felonies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn March 2010, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit affirmed, noting that \u0022fleeing police in a vehicle in violation of Ind. Code \u00a7 35-44-3-3(b)(1)(A) is sufficiently similar to ACCA\u0027s enumerated crimes in kind, as well as the degree of risk posed, and counts as a violent felony under ACCA.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes a conviction for resisting arrest counts as a violent felony under the Armed Career Criminal Act?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. The Supreme Court affirmed the decision of the lower court in an opinion by Justice Anthony Kennedy. \u0022Felony vehicle flight, as proscribed by Indiana law, is a violent felony for purposes of ACCA,\u0022 Kennedy wrote. Meanwhile, Justice Clarence Thomas filed an opinion concurring in the judgment in which he wrote: \u0022the majority errs by implying that the \u0027purposeful, violent, and aggressive\u0027 test may still apply to offenses \u0027akin to strict liability, negligence, and recklessness crimes.\u0027\u0022 Justice Antonin Scalia filed a dissenting opinion, in which he chastises the majority for an \u0022ad hoc judgment that will sow further confusion.\u0022 Justice Elena Kagan also filed a dissenting opinion, joined by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. \u0022Vehicular flight comes in different varieties, and so too the statutes that criminalize the conduct,\u0022 Kagan wrote. \u0022Because petitioner Marcus Sykes was convicted only of simple vehicular flight, and not of any flight offense involving aggressive or dangerous activity, I would find that he did not commit a \u0027violent felony\u0027 under ACCA.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":45563,"name":"William E. 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