{"ID":55724,"name":"Pepper v. United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2010\/09-6822","view_count":0,"docket_number":"09-6822","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Jason Pepper","second_party":"United States","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1277701200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/40595"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1291615200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/40596"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1299045600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/40597"}],"lower_court":{"ID":13,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/13"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EJason Pepper pleaded guilty to conspiracy to distribute 500 grams or more of a mixture or substance containing methamphetamine in an Iowa federal district court. In the latest of a long-running series of appeals and remands, a newly assigned Iowa federal district court sentenced Mr. Pepper to 77 months imprisonment and 12 months supervised release \u2013 a 20% downward departure from the Federal Sentencing Guidelines advisory range. Thereafter, the district court granted the government\u0027s motion to reduce Mr. Pepper\u0027s sentence further to 65 months imprisonment because of the assistance Mr. Pepper provided after he was initially sentenced. Mr. Pepper appealed arguing in part that the district court should consider evidence of his post-sentence rehabilitation to reduce his sentence further.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn appeal, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed Mr. Pepper\u0027s sentence, holding in part that evidence of a defendant\u0027s post-sentence rehabilitation was not relevant at resentencing. The court reasoned that Eighth Circuit precedent was clear that such evidence was not relevant.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003E1) Can a federal district judge consider a defendant\u0027s post-sentencing rehabilitation as a permissible factor supporting a sentencing variance?\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E2) As a sentencing consideration, should post-sentencing rehabilitation be treated the same as post-offense rehabilitation\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E3) When a federal district judge is removed from resentencing a defendant after remand and a new judge is assigned, is the new judge obligated to follow sentencing findings issued by the original judge?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes and no. The Supreme Court reversed in part, affirmed in part and remanded the case back to the lower court in a majority opinion written by Justice Sonia Sotomayor. The Court held that when the defendant\u0027s sentence has been set aside on appeal, a district court at resentencing may consider evidence of the defendant\u0027s rehabilitation after the initial sentences; and, that evidence may, in appropriate cases, support a downward variance from the sentencing guidelines.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Stephen J. Breyer filed a concurrence in which he agreed with the majority that the \u0022law does not require a sentencing court to follow a Guideline policy statement that forbids taking account of post-sentencing rehabilitation.\u0022 He went on, however, to suggest: \u0022this conclusion does not leave a sentencing court free to disregard the Guidelines at will.\u0022 Meanwhile, Justice Samuel Alito filed a partial concurrence and partial dissent, contending that \u0022requiring judges to give significant weight to the Commission\u0027s policy decisions does not run afoul of the Sixth Amendment right that the mandatory Guidelines system was found to violate, i.e., the right to have a jury make certain factual findings that are relevant to sentencing.\u0022 Justice Clarence Thomas dissented in full, writing that he would have affirmed the lower court\u0027s decision and upheld Pepper\u0027s sentence. Justice Elena Kagan took no part in consideration of the case.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":16689,"name":"Alfredo Parrish","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/alfredo_parrish","view_count":0,"last_name":"Parrish","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"alfredo_parrish"},"advocate_description":"for the petitioner (appointed by the Court)","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/20063"},{"advocate":{"ID":39939,"name":"Roy W. McLeese, III","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/roy_w_mcleese","view_count":0,"last_name":"McLeese,","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"roy_w_mcleese"},"advocate_description":"Acting Solicitor General, Department of Justice, for the respondent","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/20064"},{"advocate":{"ID":15735,"name":"Adam G. 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