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The groups argue that the procedures violate the Fourth Amendment, the First Amendment, Article III of the Constitution, and the principle of separation of powers. The new provisions would force these groups to take costly measures to ensure the confidentiality of their international communications. The District Court for the Southern District of New York granted summary judgment for the government, holding that the groups did not have standing to bring their challenge. The groups only had an abstract subjective fear of being monitored and provided no proof that they were subject to the FISA. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit reversed, holding that the groups had standing based on a reasonable fear of injury and costs incurred to avoid that injury.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDo respondents have Article III standing to seek prospective relief under the FISA?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. Justice Samuel A. 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