{"ID":55956,"name":"Bullock v. BankChampaign","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2012\/11-1518","view_count":0,"docket_number":"11-1518","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Randy Curtis Bullock","second_party":"BankChampaign, N.A.","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1351486800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/41228"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1363582800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/41229"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1368421200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/41230"}],"lower_court":{"ID":15,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/15"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 1978, Randy Curtis Bullock became the trustee of his father\u0027s trust. The trust\u0027s only asset was his father\u0027s life insurance policy, and Bullock and his four siblings were the trust\u0027s only beneficiaries. As trustee, Bullock was only allowed to borrow from the trust to pay the life insurance premiums and to satisfy a withdrawal request from another trustee. Despite these restrictions, Bullock borrowed from the trust three times: to satisfy a debt on his father\u0027s business, to allow him and his mother to purchase certificates of deposit, and to allow him and his mother to purchase real estate. All of the loans were fully repaid.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen Bullock\u0027s two brothers learned of the existence of the trust and their brother\u0027s actions, they sued him in Illinois state court. They claimed that Bullock had breached his fiduciary duty by taking loans that violated the guidelines of the trust. The brothers moved for summary judgment and the court granted it. The court ordered Bullock to pay $250,000 in damages for the benefits he received from his dealings with the trust, $35,000 in attorneys\u0027 fees, and placed the property Bullock purchased\u2014a mill in Ohio\u2014in a constructive trust. The constructive trust was awarded to BankChampaign, which replaced Bullock as the trustee of his father\u0027s trust. Bullock was unable to sell the mill to satisfy the Illinois judgment.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 2009, Bullock filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 7 to discharge his debt from the Illinois judgment. The bank started an adversary proceeding in bankruptcy court where it argued that debts arising out of \u0022fraud or defalcation while acting in a fiduciary capacity\u0022 are not dischargeable by bankruptcy. The bank moved for summary judgment and the bankruptcy court granted the motion. Bullock appealed the bankruptcy court\u0027s judgment to district court, and the district court affirmed. The district court recognized that the only way for Bullock to satisfy the judgment debt was to sell the mill, and the bank could not hold it in perpetuity, so the district court concluded that the bank was abusing its power; however, it still affirmed the decision of the bankruptcy court. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit affirmed the judgment of the bankruptcy court and held that Bullock\u0027s conduct met the standard for defalcation because it was objectively reckless and constituted a known breach of a fiduciary duty.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EAre debts arising out of fraud or defalcation in a fiduciary capacity dischargeable in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy proceeding?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ENo. Justice Stephen J. Breyer delivered a unanimous opinion holding that a bankruptcy proceeding resulting from \u0022fraud or defalcation\u0022 is not dischargeable and that the term \u0022defalcation\u0022 encompasses knowledge of or grossly reckless behavior in a fiduciary capacity. The Court held that the term should include a knowledge or intent requirement because such a reading follows statutory and judicial precedent. Additionally, this interpretation differentiates the term from others in the statute and provides a clear definition on which courts may rely. The Court then vacated the lower court\u0027s judgment and remanded the case to determine if further proceedings were necessary under this heightened standard.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":42397,"name":"Thomas M. 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