{"ID":55902,"name":"Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley \u0026 Sons, Inc.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2012\/11-697","view_count":0,"docket_number":"11-697","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Supap Kirtsaeng","second_party":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons, Inc.","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1334552400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/41069"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1351486800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/41070"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1363669200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/41071"}],"lower_court":{"ID":7,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/7"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003ESupap Kirtsaeng came to the United States from Thailand in 1997. He obtained an undergraduate degree at Cornell University before being accepted into a PhD program at the University of Southern California. To subsidize the cost of his education, Kirtsaeng asked friends and family in Thailand to buy copies of textbooks in Thailand and to ship those books to him in the United States. Kirstaeng then sold the textbooks on eBay at a profit. Among the books Kirtsaeng sold, were eight textbooks printed in Asia by John Wiley and Sons, Inc.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWiley sued Kirtsaeng in district court for copyright infringement under Section 602(a)(1) of the Copyright Act, which makes it impermissible to import a work \u0022without the authority of the owner.\u0022 Kirtsaeng asserted a defense under Section 109(a) of the Copyright Act, which allows the owner of a copy \u0022lawfully made under this title\u0022 to sell or otherwise dispose of the copy without the copyright owner\u0027s permission. The district court rejected Kirtsaeng\u0027s argument, and held that the doctrine was inapplicable to goods manufactured in a foreign country.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKirtsaeng appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. A divided panel acknowledged that it was a difficult question of statutory construction, but the majority held that Section 109(a) referred specifically to works that are made in the United States and did not apply to works manufactured abroad. Kirtsaeng\u0027s request for rehearing was denied, and he appealed the appellate court\u0027s decision.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIf a copy was made legally, acquired abroad and then imported into the United States, can that foreign-made copy ever be resold within the United States without the copyright owner\u0027s permission under Section 602(a)(1) and Section 109(a) of the copyright act?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EYes. Justice Stephen G. Breyer delivered the opinion of the 6-3 majority. The Supreme Court held that there was no geographic restriction on the \u0022first sale\u0022 doctrine, which states that the copyright owner maintains control of the first sale only. The language and common-law history of the Copyright Act support a non-geographic reading of the Act that allows for unrestricted resale of copyrighted goods regardless of the location of their manufacture. The Court also held that a geography-based reading of the \u0022first sale\u0022 doctrine would drastically harm the used-book business as it would force book sellers to be subject to the whim of foreign copyright holders.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn her concurring opinion, Justice Elena Kagan wrote that the majority\u0027s decision did not limit copyright protection for copyright owners any further than previous decisions had. She argued that a stricter reading of copyright protection goes against the demonstrated legislative intent of the Act. Justice Samuel A. Alito, Jr. joined in the concurrence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Ruth Bader Ginsburg wrote a dissenting opinion in which she argued that the majority\u0027s opinion runs counter to the Copyright Act\u0027s purpose of protecting copyright owners from the importation of low-cost versions of their products. The language and legislative history of the Copyright Act indicate that Congress did not intend the \u0022first sale\u0022 doctrine to apply to copies manufactured abroad. She also argued that the majority\u0027s opinion drastically shifts the government\u0027s policy in regards to international copyright agreements. Justice Anthony M. Kennedy and Justice Antonin Scalia joined in the dissent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":23018,"name":"E. 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