{"ID":56061,"name":"Hana Financial, Inc. v. Hana Bank","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2014\/13-1211","view_count":0,"docket_number":"13-1211","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Hana Financial, Inc.","second_party":"Hana Bank, et al.","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1403499600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/41633"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1417586400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/41634"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1421820000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/41635"}],"lower_court":{"ID":5,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/5"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIn the spring of 1994, Hana Bank, a Korean entity, began to extend its services to the United States under the name Hana Overseas Korean Club. In advertisements distributed during the summer of 1994, Hana Bank included the name \u0022Hana Overseas Korean Club\u0022 in English as well as \u0022Hana Bank\u0022 in Korean. The advertisements also included Hana Bank\u0027s logo, known as the \u0022dancing man.\u0022 A second, distinct entity, Hana Financial, Inc. (HFI) was founded in California in the fall of 1994. In 1996, HFI obtained a federal trademark for their logo, a pyramid, with the words \u0022Hana Financial\u0022 for use in financial services. Hana Bank officials were aware of HFI\u0027s use of the name Hana Financial but did not see the need to take any action because the entities did not directly compete with each other.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 2007, HFI filed a complaint against Hana Bank alleging trademark infringement. The district court jury found that Hana Bank had used the \u0022Hana Bank\u0022 trademark in the United States continuously since before HFI began using the \u0022Hana Financial\u0022 trademark in 1995 and that Hana Bank\u0027s trademark could be \u0022tacked\u0022 to their 1994 advertisements, which included a similar, but distinct use of the phrase \u0022Hana Bank.\u0022 HFI appealed, claiming that the determination of whether a trademark may be \u0022tacked\u0022 to a prior mark is a question of law that must be determined by the court, not a question of fact that may be decided by a jury. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the affirmed the jury\u0027s decision.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIs the determination of whether a trademark may be tacked to an earlier mark a question of law which a court must decide, or a question of fact for the jury?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EThe issue of \u0022tacking\u0022 is a mixed question of law and fact to be determined by the jury. Justice Sonia M. Sotomayor wrote the opinion for the unanimous Court. The Court noted that the test for \u0022tacking\u0022 is whether the two marks create the same, continuing commercial impression so that consumers consider both as the same mark. The Court held that juries are better equipped to make a determination under a test that relies on consumer impressions. Juries can also apply legal standards to facts when given adequate jury instruction. However, a judge may decide a \u0022tacking\u0022 question on a motion for summary judgment, a motion for judgment as a matter of law, and during a bench trial. The Court concluded that allowing juries to resolve \u0022tacking\u0022 questions would not create any more unpredictability in the law of trademarks than other jury determinations across all legal fields.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":56059,"name":"Paul W. Hughes","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/paul_w_hughes","view_count":0,"last_name":"Hughes","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"paul_w_hughes"},"advocate_description":"for the petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/20788"},{"advocate":{"ID":56060,"name":"Carlo F. 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