{"ID":62932,"name":"United States v. 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The Policy, which applied to most in-custody defendants appearing in such proceedings, was proposed by the U.S. Marshals Service and accepted by the District\u2019s judges.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe magistrate judges in all four cases overruled the Defendants\u2019 objections to the Policy. The Defendants appealed these denials to the district court, and also filed emergency motions challenging the Policy\u2019s constitutionality. The district court denied all relief, and the four cases were consolidated before the 9th Circuit.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe 9th Circuit, sitting \u003Cem\u003Een banc\u003C\/em\u003E, construed the Defendants\u2019 appeals as petitions for writs of mandamus under its supervisory authority, and found that it had jurisdiction to review the Policy\u2019s constitutionality. It explained that while the individual Defendants\u2019 claims may be moot by the time of review due to their criminal cases ending and the Policy having been changed, under the Supreme Court\u2019s precedent in \u003Cem\u003EGerstein v. Pugh\u003C\/em\u003E, the Defendants represented a broader group of similarly situated people who could be injured should the Policy be reinstated. Thus, applying the capable-of-repetition-yet-evading-review mootness exception, the supervisory mandamus case was not moot. However, because the Policy was no longer in effect, the court withheld a formal writ of mandamus.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid the court of appeal err in considering respondents\u2019 interlocutory challenge to the use of pretrial physical restraints, and in ruling on that challenge despite its recognition that respondents\u2019 individual claims were moot?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EA unanimous Court held that the case is moot. In an opinion authored by Chief Justice John Roberts, the Court found that the appellate court\u0027s reliance on\u00a0\u003Cem\u003EGerstein\u003C\/em\u003E was misplaced, as that case does not support a freestanding exception to mootness outside the class action context.\u00a0Further, the mere presence of allegations that might,\u00a0if resolved in respondents\u0027 favor, benefit other similarly situated individuals\u00a0does not save their case from mootness. Additionally, the Court found unpersuasive the respondents\u0027 arguments that their claims fall within the exception to mootness by virtue of being \u0022capable of repetition yet evading review\u0022 because the possibility that a person will be criminally prosecuted is insufficient to establish judicial standing.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":56065,"name":"Allon Kedem","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/allon_kedem","view_count":0,"last_name":"Kedem","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"allon_kedem"},"advocate_description":"for petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/22423"},{"advocate":{"ID":38890,"name":"Reuben C. 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