{"ID":62948,"name":"Pereira v. Sessions","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2017\/17-459","view_count":0,"docket_number":"17-459","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Wescley Fonseca Pereira","second_party":"Jefferson B. Sessions, III, Attorney General","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1515736800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/54196"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1524459600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/54235"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1529557200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/54305"}],"lower_court":{"ID":6,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/6"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EWescley Fonseca Pereira entered the United States in June 2000 as a non-immigrant visitor authorized to stay until December 21, 2000. Pereira overstayed his visa, and in May 2006, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) personally served him with a notice to appear for a removal hearing. The notice did not specify the date and time of his initial removal hearing, but instead ordered him to appear before an immigration judge \u201con a date to be set at a time to be set.\u201d When the immigration court set a date and time, it mailed Pereira a notice with such information. However, the notice was sent to Pereira\u2019s street address on Martha\u2019s Vineyard rather than his post office box, so Pereira never received it. When Pereira did not appear for his removal hearing, an immigration judge ordered him removed in absentia.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPereira was not removed and instead remained in the country. In March 2013, he was arrested for a motor vehicle violation and detained by DHS. Through his attorney, Pereira filed a motion to reopen his removal proceedings, claiming he had never received the hearing notice with the time and place. Although Pereira conceded that he could be removed, he sought relief in the form of cancellation of removal under 8 U.S.C. \u00a7 1229b(b)(1), a provision that gives the attorney general discretion to cancel the removal of a non-permanent resident alien if the alien meets certain criteria, including ten years of continuous physical presence in the United States. This continuous period ends \u201cwhen the alien is served a notice to appear under section 1229(a)\u201d of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). Pereira contends that because he did not receive notice of the time and place of his removal hearing, his presence in the country was continuous and over ten years under the statute.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) has held that a notice to appear that does not contain the date and time of the hearing is nonetheless effective to end the period of continuous physical presence. However, Pereira challenges this reading of the statute. The First Circuit determined that the relevant provisions of the INA are ambiguous as to whether notice must include the date and time of the hearing to be effective, but the court found that the BIA\u2019s interpretation of the statute was reasonable and thus subject to \u003Cem\u003EChevron\u003C\/em\u003E deference.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EMust a notice to appear for a removal hearing specify the place and time of the hearing to effectively trigger the stop-time rule of 8 U.S.C. \u00a7 1229b(b)(1), contrary to the holding of the Board of Immigration Appeals?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EA notice to appear for a removal hearing that does not specify the time and place of the hearing does not trigger the stop-time rule. In an 8-1 decision authored by Justice Sonia Sotomayor, the Court reasoned that a \u0022notice to appear\u0022 that does not include with specificity both \u0022when\u0022 and \u0022where\u0022 cannot reasonably be expected to result\u00a0in a person appearing at their hearing. The Court looked to the text of the statute, which provides that the continuous period in question ends \u0022when the alien is served with notice to appear,\u0022 and \u0022notice to appear\u0022 is defined throughout the section as \u0022a written notice . . . specifying . . . \u0022the time and place at which the proceedings will be held.\u0022 The text of the statute is thus unambiguous, so\u00a0\u003Cem\u003EChevron\u003C\/em\u003E deference to the interpretation by the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) is unnecessary. This requirement of a \u0022notice to appear\u0022 is also consistent with congressional intent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Anthony Kennedy filed a concurring opinion to note his concern over the way courts apply\u00a0\u003Cem\u003EChevron\u003C\/em\u003E deference.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Samuel Alito filed a dissenting opinion, in which he finds that the language of the statute is ambiguous and thus that the BIA\u0027s interpretation is entitled to \u003Cem\u003EChevron\u003C\/em\u003E deference.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":62978,"name":"David J. 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