{"ID":62997,"name":"Jam v. International Finance Corp.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2018\/17-1011","view_count":0,"docket_number":"17-1011","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Budha Ismael Jam, et al.","second_party":"International Finance Corporation","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1526878800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/54276"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1540962000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/54350"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1551247200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/54463"}],"lower_court":{"ID":16,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/16"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EBudha Ismael Jam and others are Indian fishermen, farmers, and others who live in Gujarat, India. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, DC, that provides loans in the developing world to projects that are unable to receive private capital.\u00a0 The IFC loaned $450 million to an Indian company for the construction and operation of the Tata Mundra Plant in Gujarat, India. The loan agreement with the Indian power company included provisions that the company may not cause damage to surrounding communities, and IFC retained supervisory authority and could revoke financial support for the project.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe plant\u2019s construction and operation did cause harm to the surrounding communities, as reported in IFC\u2019s own internal audit, in violation of the agreement. However, the IFC did not take any steps to force the loan recipients into compliance.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe plaintiff fishermen and farmers brought this lawsuit in federal court in DC seeking damages based largely on tort causes of action. They also raised a claim as an alleged third-party beneficiary of the contract between IFC and the power company.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe district court dismissed the plaintiffs\u2019 claim, finding that IFC was immune from suit under the International Organizations Immunities Act (IOIA) and further that the IFC had not waived its immunity to this suit. The relevant part of IOIA provides that international organizations \u201cshall enjoy the same immunity from suit . . . as is enjoyed by foreign governments, except to the extent that such organizations may expressly waive their immunity for the purpose of any proceedings or by the terms of any contract.\u201d 22 U.S.C. \u00a7 288a(b). The president of the United States determines whether an organization is entitled to such immunity, and an executive order in 1956 designated the IFC as entitled to the \u201cprivileges, exemptions, and immunities\u201d conferred by the statute.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit affirmed the district court, finding that the IFC is immune under IOIA and that it did not waive immunity for this suit.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the International Organizations Immunities Act (IOIA) give international organizations the immunity that foreign governments enjoyed at the time the law was passed, or the immunity that foreign governments have at present, as described in the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EThe International Organizations Immunities Act of 1945 (IOIA) affords international organizations the same immunity from suit that foreign governments enjoy today under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976 (FSIA), not what they enjoyed when the law was passed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn a 7\u20131 decision authored by Chief Justice John Roberts, the Court held that the International Finance Corporation, an IOIA international organization, is immune from suit only to the extent that foreign sovereign governments are immune from suit. The Court interpreted the IOIA \u201csame as\u201d language as making international organization immunity and foreign sovereign immunity continuously equivalent. The Court found that this interpretation is bolstered by the \u201creference canon\u201d of statutory interpretation, which provides that when a statute refers to a general subject, it adopts the law on that subject at the time a question arises, as opposed to when a statute refers to a statute by title, in which case it adopts the law as it existed at the time the statute was enacted.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Stephen Breyer filed a dissenting opinion, in which he gave greater weight to the IOIA\u2019s \u201chistory, its context, its purposes, and its consequences\u201d than to canons of statutory interpretation.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Brett Kavanaugh took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":30283,"name":"Jeffrey L. 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