{"ID":62964,"name":"Gundy v. United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2018\/17-6086","view_count":0,"docket_number":"17-6086","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Herman Avery Gundy","second_party":"United States","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1520229600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/54218"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1538456400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/54348"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1561006800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/54541"}],"lower_court":{"ID":7,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/7"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EHerman Avery Gundy was convicted of committing sexual assault in Maryland while on supervised release for a prior federal offense. After serving his sentence for the Maryland sex offense, Gundy was to be transferred to federal custody to serve his sentence for violating his supervised release. As a part of this transfer, Gundy received permission to travel unsupervised by bus from Pennsylvania to New York. Gundy made the trip, but did not register as a sex offender in either Maryland or New York as required by state law.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn January 2013, Gundy was indicted under 18 U.S.C. \u00a7 2250, the Sex Offender Notification and Registration Act (SORNA), for traveling from Pennsylvania to New York and then staying in New York without registering as a sex offender. He was convicted and sentenced to time served, along with five years of supervised release.\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe 2nd Circuit affirmed this judgment on appeal. Gundy then asked the U.S. Supreme Court to review his case, which it agreed to do only as to the question of whether SORNA unlawfully delegates authority to the U.S. Attorney General under 42 U.S.C. \u00a7 16913 to impose the law\u2019s registration requirements upon offenders who were convicted before the statute was enacted.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act\u2019s delegation of authority to the U.S. Attorney General to issue regulations under 42 U.S.C. \u00a7 16913 violate the nondelegation doctrine?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA)\u2019s delegation of authority to the U.S. Attorney General to issue regulations under 42 U.S.C. \u00a7 16913 does not violate the nondelegation doctrine. Justice Elena Kagan authored an opinion for the four-justice plurality.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe plurality first noted that the Court had previously interpreted this provision of SORNA in \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/2011\/10-6549\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003EReynolds v. United States\u003C\/em\u003E, 565 U.S. 432 (2012)\u003C\/a\u003E, to require the attorney general to apply SORNA to all pre-Act offenders as soon as feasible. In light of this prior interpretation and the context of the provision and the statutory purpose, the plurality found unpersuasive Gundy\u2019s argument that the provision gives the attorney general discretion to do whatever he wants as to pre-Act offenders. The nondelegation doctrine holds that Congress may not transfer to another branch \u201cpowers which are strictly and exclusively legislative\u201d but may delegate on executive agencies discretion to implement and enforce laws, so long as Congress has provided an \u201cintelligible principle\u201d to which the agency must conform. The Court\u2019s decision in \u003Cem\u003EReynolds\u003C\/em\u003E makes clear that \u00a7 16913(d) contains an \u201cintelligible principle\u201d\u2014namely, that the attorney general apply SORNA to all pre-Act offenders as soon as possible\u2014and thus the provision does not violate the nondelegation doctrine. The plurality also noted that no attorney general has used the provision in a more expansive way.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Samuel Alito concurred in the judgment, expressing that he would like to revisit the Court\u2019s approach to nondelegation. However, under the Court\u2019s present jurisprudence, he finds no reason to invalidate SORNA\u2019s delegation of authority in this provision.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Neil Gorsuch filed a dissenting opinion in which Chief Justice John Roberts and Justice Clarence Thomas joined. Unlike Justice Alito, the dissent would use this case to change its approach to the nondelegation doctrine. The dissent expresses concern that SORNA gives the attorney general \u201cthe power to write his own criminal code governing the lives of a half-million citizens.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Brett Kavanaugh took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":63032,"name":"Sarah Baumgartel","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/sarah_baumgartel","view_count":0,"last_name":"Baumgartel","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"sarah_baumgartel"},"advocate_description":"for petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/22542"},{"advocate":{"ID":33557,"name":"Jeffrey B. 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