{"ID":63085,"name":"The Dutra Group v. Batterton","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2018\/18-266","view_count":0,"docket_number":"18-266","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"The Dutra Group","second_party":"Christopher Batterton","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1544162400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/54427"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1553490000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/54457"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1561352400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/54555"}],"lower_court":{"ID":5,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/5"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003ERespondent Christopher Batterton was a deckhand on a vessel owned and operated by the the petitioner, Dutra Group. While Batterton was working on the vessel, a hatch cover blew open and crushed his hand. The hatch cover blew open because the vessel lacked a particular exhaust mechanism, the lack of which made the vessel unseaworthy as a matter of law.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe district court denied Dutra Group\u2019s motion to strike the claim for punitive damages, and the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed.\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn \u003Cem\u003EEvich v. Morris\u003C\/em\u003E, 819 F.2d 256 (9th Cir. 1987), the Ninth Circuit held that \u201cpunitive damages are available under general maritime law for claims of unseaworthiness,\u201d as distinguished from Jones Act claims, where punitive damages are unavailable. Dutra Group argues that \u003Cem\u003EEvich\u003C\/em\u003E is implicitly overruled by the US Supreme Court\u2019s decision in \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1990\/89-1158\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003EMiles v. Apex Marine Corp.\u003C\/em\u003E, 498 U.S. 19 (1990)\u003C\/a\u003E, which holds that loss of society damages are unavailable in a general maritime action for wrongful death and lost future earnings are unavailable in a general maritime survival action.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Ninth Circuit found unpersuasive Dutra Group\u2019s argument, finding that the Court in \u003Cem\u003EMiles\u003C\/em\u003E considered only damages for loss of society and of future earnings, not punitive damages. While \u003Cem\u003EMiles\u003C\/em\u003E does limit recovery for \u201cpecuniary loss,\u201d punitive damages are not \u201cpecuniary loss,\u201d which means simply loss of money. Thus, \u003Cem\u003EMiles\u003C\/em\u003E left undisturbed the Ninth Circuit\u2019s opinion in \u003Cem\u003EEvich\u003C\/em\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EAre punitive damages available to a seaman in a personal injury lawsuit alleging a breach of the general maritime duty to provide a seaworthy vessel?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EA plaintiff may not recover punitive damages on a maritime claim of unseaworthiness. Justice Samuel Alito authored the 6-3 majority opinion of the Court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Court first needed to reconcile two seemingly conflicting precedents. In \u003Cem\u003EMiles v. Apex Marine Corp.\u003C\/em\u003E, the Court held that non-economic damages were unavailable in a general maritime-law wrongful death action because such relief was unavailable under the Jones Act. But in \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/2008\/08-214\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAtlantic Sounding Co. v. Townsend\u003C\/em\u003E, 557 U.S. 404 (2009)\u003C\/a\u003E, the Court held under maritime law that a plaintiff may seek punitive damages for an employer\u2019s willful and wanton disregard of its obligation to pay maintenance and cure. The Court distinguished \u003Cem\u003EAtlantic Sounding\u003C\/em\u003E based on the finding in that case that there was significant \u201chistorical evidence\u201d that punitive damages had been available in maintenance-and-cure cases. In contrast, punitive damages were unavailable under the Jones Act, and there was \u201coverwhelming historical evidence\u201d that punitive damages were unavailable in general maritime-law unseaworthiness actions for personal injuries. The Court found \u201cpractically dispositive\u201d the absence of recovery of punitive damages in maritime cases.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Ruth Bader Ginsburg filed a dissenting opinion, joined by Justice Stephen Breyer and Sonia Sotomayor. Justice Ginsburg argued that by default, punitive damages are available in maritime cases, and \u003Cem\u003EMiles\u003C\/em\u003E exemplified the exception rather than the rule. Moreover, the Jones Act had expanded the remedies available to seamen and did not bar punitive damages in unseaworthiness actions.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":42213,"name":"Seth P. Waxman","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/seth_p_waxman","view_count":0,"last_name":"Waxman","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"seth_p_waxman"},"advocate_description":"for the petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/22678"},{"advocate":{"ID":20869,"name":"David C. 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