{"ID":63155,"name":"Kelly v. United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2019\/18-1059","view_count":0,"docket_number":"18-1059","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Bridget Anne Kelly","second_party":"United States of America","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1561698000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/54569"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1578981600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/54646"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1588827600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/54703"}],"lower_court":{"ID":8,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/8"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EThis case arises from the scandal that became known as \u201cBridgegate.\u201d Defendants William E. Baroni, Jr. and Bridget Anne Kelly conspired to create major traffic jams in Fort Lee, New Jersey, after Fort Lee\u2019s mayor refused to endorse the 2013 reelection bid of then-Governor Chris Christie. The defendants and others limited motorists\u2019 access to the George Washington Bridge, the world\u2019s busiest bridge, for four days during the first week of Fort Lee\u2019s school year, resulting in extensive traffic delays.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 2015, a grand jury indicted Baroni and Kelly for their roles in the scheme. Each was charged with seven counts, including conspiracy to obtain by fraud, knowingly convert, or intentionally misapply property of an organization receiving federal benefits, in violation of 18 U.S.C. \u00a7 371, and the substantive offense underlying that conspiracy, 18 U.S.C \u00a7 666(a)(1)(A). A jury convicted the defendants on all counts. On appeal, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit affirmed the conviction as to four of the seven, including the two at issue here. In support of its conclusion, the court reasoned that the defendants had defrauded the Port Authority of its property by citing a \u201ctraffic study\u201d as the purpose for the lane closures rather than their \u201creal reason\u201d of political payback.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid the public officials in this case \u201cdefraud\u201d the government of its property by advancing a \u201cpublic policy reason\u201d for an official decision that is not her subjective \u201creal reason\u201d for making the decision?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EBaroni and Kelly could not have violated the federal-program fraud or wire fraud laws\u00a0because the scheme did not aim to obtain money or property. Justice Elena Kagan authored the opinion for a unanimous Court. First, the Court looked to the language of the federal wire fraud statute and the federal-program fraud statute, finding those statutes \u201climited in scope to the protection of property rights.\u201d Thus, the government needed to prove not only that Baroni and Kelly engaged in deception, but that the object of that deception was money or property. Taking control of the lanes of the bridge does not constitute taking of government property because under Court precedent, a scheme to alter a regulatory choice does not amount to taking of property. Similarly, causing increased costs of compensating traffic engineers and back-up toll collectors is an incidental product and not the \u201cobject of the fraud,\u201d as required by the statute.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":63217,"name":"Jacob M. 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