{"ID":63176,"name":"Liu v. Securities and Exchange Commission","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2019\/18-1501","view_count":0,"docket_number":"18-1501","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Charles C. Lui, et al.","second_party":"Securities and Exchange Commission","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1572584400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/54593"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1583215200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/54675"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1592802000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/54733"}],"lower_court":{"ID":5,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/5"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003ECharles Liu operated an EB-5 fund, which is a fund that offers lawful permanent residence opportunities to foreigners who make significant investments in the United States. However, Liu misappropriated millions of dollars that had been invested in the fund, in violation of Section 17(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, which prohibits the making of false statements in the context of a securities offering.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe district court ordered Liu to \u201cdisgorge\u201d (pay back) $26 million, the amount investors had paid into the EB-5 fund, and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed. In petitioning the Supreme Court\u2019s review, Liu argued that the SEC lacked the authority to obtain disgorgement, under the Court\u2019s 2017 decision in \u003Cem\u003EKokesh v. SEC\u003C\/em\u003E, which held that disgorgement awarded under the court\u2019s equitable power is a penalty, not a remedial measure.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EMay the Securities and Exchange Commission seek and obtain disgorgement from a court as \u201cequitable relief\u201d for a securities law violation, even though the Court has determined that such disgorgement is a penalty?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EIn a Securities and Exchange Commission enforcement action, a disgorgement award that does not exceed a wrongdoer\u2019s net profits and is awarded for victims is equitable relief permissible under 15 U.S.C. \u00a7 78u(d)(5). Justice Sonia Sotomayor authored the opinion on behalf of the 8-1 majority of the Court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo determine whether disgorgement was an available remedy, the Court first looked to traditional equitable remedies, noting that courts have long used equitable remedies (albeit by different names) to prevent parties from unjustly gaining profit from wrongdoing. Though disgorgement was not, by that name, a traditional equitable remedy, it serves the same essential purpose and works in the same way and thus is available as a remedy.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENext, the Court considered what limitations on disgorgement should exist. First, the effect should be only to return the defendant\u2019s wrongful gains to those harmed by the defendant\u2019s wrongdoing. Second, the remedy must be limited to the profits obtained by each individual defendant. Third, the remedy must be limited to the \u201cnet\u201d profits, considering both receipts and expenses.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Clarence Thomas authored a dissenting opinion, arguing that disgorgement should be unavailable as a remedy because, in his view, \u201cdisgorgement is not a traditional equitable remedy.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":63231,"name":"Gregory G. Rapawy","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/gregory_g_rapawy","view_count":0,"last_name":"Rapawy","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"gregory_g_rapawy"},"advocate_description":"for the Petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/22861"},{"advocate":{"ID":36722,"name":"Malcolm L. 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