{"ID":63173,"name":"Lomax v. Ortiz-Marquez","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2019\/18-8369","view_count":0,"docket_number":"18-8369","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Arthur James Lomax","second_party":"Christina Ortiz-Marquez, et al.","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1571374800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/54590"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1582696800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/54663"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1591592400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/54721"}],"lower_court":{"ID":14,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/14"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EArthur J. Lomax is a Colorado prisoner at the Limon Correctional Facility. While at a different prison, he filed a lawsuit against several prison employees and filed a motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis (without paying the usual court fees) pursuant to 28 U.S.C. \u00a7 1915. Upon direction of the district court, Lomax amended his complaint to allege violations of his Fifth, Eighth, Ninth, and Fourteenth Amendment rights. The same district court dismissed without prejudice three of Mr. Lomax\u0027s previous actions on the grounds that they failed to state a claim. The district court further noted that these dismissals were \u201cstrikes\u201d under 28 U.S.C. \u00a7 1915(g), which bars inmates from filing or appealing a federal civil action without paying the associated fees if they have filed three or more cases or appeals that were dismissed because the lawsuits were frivolous or malicious or did not properly state a legal claim for relief.\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBecause of the previous strikes, the court ordered Lomax to show cause before proceeding in forma pauperis. In response to the show cause order, Lomax argued (among other things) that because the prior dismissals were without prejudice, they do not count as strikes.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe district court denied Lomax\u2019s motion as barred by the three-strikes provision, and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes a dismissal without prejudice for failure to state a claim count as a strike under the Prison Litigation Reform Act?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EDismissal without prejudice for failure to state a claim counts as a strike under three-strikes rule of the Prison Litigation Reform Act. Justice Elena Kagan authored the opinion on behalf of the majority that was unanimous except as to footnote 4 (dicta as to the provision\u2019s applicability when a court gives a plaintiff leave to amend his complaint), which Justice Clarence Thomas did not join.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe three-strikes rule of the Prison Litigation Reform Act, 28 U.S.C. \u00a7 1915(g), generally prevents a prisoner from bringing suit in forma pauperis (IFP) if he has had three or more prior suits \u201cdismissed on the grounds that [they were] frivolous, malicious, or fail[ed] to state a claim upon which relief may be granted.\u201d The very language of that provision covers all dismissals for failure to state a claim, whether issued with or without prejudice. To read it differently would require reading the word \u201cdismissed\u201d in Section 1915(g) as \u201cdismissed with prejudice,\u201d which not only runs contrary to the plain language but would create conflicts with other parts of the Act.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":63197,"name":"Brian T. Burgess","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/brian_t_burgess","view_count":0,"last_name":"Burgess","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"brian_t_burgess"},"advocate_description":"for the Petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/22845"},{"advocate":{"ID":63225,"name":"Eric R. Olson","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/eric_r_olson","view_count":0,"last_name":"Olson","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"eric_r_olson"},"advocate_description":"for the Respondents","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/22846"},{"advocate":{"ID":63226,"name":"Jeffrey A. 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