{"ID":63410,"name":"Federal Election Commission v. Ted Cruz for Senate","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2021\/21-12","view_count":0,"docket_number":"21-12","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Federal Election Commission","second_party":"Ted Cruz for Senate, et al.","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1632978000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/54994"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1642572000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55019"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1652677200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55101"}],"lower_court":{"ID":146,"name":"Federal district court","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/courts\/federal_district_court"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EThe day before Election Day in 2018, Senator Ted Cruz loaned Ted Cruz for Senate (\u201cCruz Committee\u201d) two campaign finance loans totaling $260,000. After Election Day, the Cruz Committee used the funds it had on hand to pay vendors and meet other obligations instead of repaying the loans to Senator Cruz. Section 304 of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act and its implementing regulations place a $250,000 limit on the amount of post-election contributions that may be used to pay back a candidate\u0027s pre-election loans more than 20 days after Election Day. After 20 days had elapsed, the balance of those loans that exceeded BCRA\u0027s $250,000 statutory cap on post-election contributions ($10,000)\u2014converted into a campaign contribution. The Cruz Committee filed a lawsuit seeking to invalidate and enjoin enforcement of Section 304 of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act and its implementing regulations as violating constitutional and administrative laws.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA three-judge court ruled for Cruz, finding that the restrictions place a burden on political speech without adequate justification.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDo appellees have standing to challenge the statutory loan-repayment limit of 52 U.S.C. \u00a7 30116(j), and does the limit unconstitutionally burden political speech without justification?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EAppellees have standing to challenge Section 304 of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, and that section\u2014which limits the amount of post-election contributions that may be used to repay a candidate who lends money to his own campaign\u2014violates the First Amendment rights of candidates and their campaigns to engage in political speech. Chief Justice John Roberts authored the 6-3 majority opinion of the Court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs to standing, appellee\u2019s injuries are directly inflicted by the Federal Election Commission\u2019s (FEC\u2019s) threatened enforcement of the provisions at issue. That appellees intentionally triggered the application of the provisions does not undermine their standing to challenge them. Additionally, although the jurisdiction of a three-judge district court is limited to actions challenging the enforcement of a statute (as opposed to a regulation), the enforcement is traceable to the operation of the statute itself. Thus, the appellees may challenge the FEC\u2019s threatened enforcement of the loan-repayment limitation through its implementing regulation.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs to the merits, the loan-repayment limitation burdens candidates who wish to make expenditures on behalf of their own candidacy through personal loans. By seeking to deter candidates from loaning money to their campaigns, Section 304 raises a barrier to entry thus abridging political speech. The Government fails to describe how the limitation furthers a permissible interest\u2014namely, the prevention of \u201cquid pro quo\u201d corruption or its appearance. Although the Government argues that the types of contributions at issue raise a heightened risk of corruption because they are used to repay a candidate\u2019s personal loans, it does not identify a single case of quid pro quo corruption as a result of these types of contributions.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Elena Kagan authored a dissenting opinion, in which Justices Stephen Breyer and Sonia Sotomayor joined. Justice Kagan argued that the majority overstates the the First Amendment burdens Section 304 imposes and understates the anticorruption values Section 304 serves. Because the regulated transactions personally enrich those already elected to office, they threaten both corruption and the appearance of corruption, \u201cbring[ing] this country\u2019s political system into further disrepute.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":36722,"name":"Malcolm L. Stewart","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/malcolm_l_stewart","view_count":0,"last_name":"Stewart","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"malcolm_l_stewart"},"advocate_description":"for the Appellant","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/23178"},{"advocate":{"ID":18687,"name":"Charles J. 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