{"ID":63485,"name":"Mallory v. Norfolk Southern Railway Co.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2022\/21-1168","view_count":0,"docket_number":"21-1168","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Robert Mallory","second_party":"Norfolk Southern Railway Co.","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1650862800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55092"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1667887200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55171"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1687842000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55306"}],"lower_court":{"ID":60,"name":"Supreme Court of Pennsylvania","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/60"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003ERobert Mallory sued Norfolk Southern Railway Co. in the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas for claims arising under the Federal Employer\u2019s Liability Act (FELA). According to his complaint, Mallory was exposed to harmful carcinogens while employed by Defendant in Ohio and Virginia between 1988 through 2005. He did not allege that he suffered any harmful occupational exposures in Pennsylvania but sued in Pennsylvania court on a theory that the court could exercise jurisdiction over the Virginia company because it had registered to do business in Pennsylvania.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUnder Pennsylvania law, a foreign corporation \u201cmay not do business in this Commonwealth until it registers\u201d with the Department of State of the Commonwealth. State law further establishes that registration constitutes a sufficient basis for Pennsylvania courts to exercise general personal jurisdiction over that foreign corporation. Norfolk Southern Railway objected to the exercise of personal jurisdiction, arguing that the exercise violated the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The trial court agreed and held Pennsylvania\u2019s statutory scheme unconstitutional. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes a state registration statute for out-of-state corporations that purports to confer general personal jurisdiction over the registrant violate the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EA Pennsylvania law requiring out-of-state companies that register to do business in Pennsylvania to agree to appear in Pennsylvania courts on \u201cany cause of action\u201d against them comports with the Due Process Clause.\u00a0Justice Neil Gorsuch authored the main opinion of the Court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe outcome in this case is controlled by the Court\u2019s decision in Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Co. v. Gold Issue Mining \u0026amp; Milling Co., 243 U.S. 93 (1917), which held that suits based on the defendant\u2019s consent to jurisdiction do not deny the defendant due process of law. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court concluded otherwise based on its erroneous belief that the Court had \u201cimplicitly overruled Pennsylvania Fire in International Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310 (1945). However, rather than displace Pennsylvania Fire, International Shoe merely paved an additional road to jurisdiction over out-of-state corporations. Thus, the facts of this case fall squarely within Pennsylvania Fire, and there is no due process violation.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Ketanji Brown Jackson authored a concurring opinion noting another precedent, Insurance Corp. of Ireland v. Compagnie des Bauxites de Guinee, 456 U.S. 694 (1982), which she finds \u201cparticularly instructive.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Samuel Alito authored an opinion concurring in part and concurring in the judgment. Justice Alito agreed with the plurality that exercising jurisdiction pursuant to the state registration statute does not violate the Due Process Clause, but he opined that the statute might be unconstitutional on other grounds not before the Court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Amy Coney Barrett authored a dissenting opinion, in which Chief Justice John Roberts and Justices Elena Kagan and Brett Kavanaugh joined, arguing that compelled state registration does not constitute \u201cconsent.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":63527,"name":"Ashley C. 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