{"ID":63507,"name":"Santos-Zacaria v. Garland","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2022\/21-1436","view_count":0,"docket_number":"21-1436","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Leon Santos-Zacaria","second_party":"Merrick B. Garland, Attorney General","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1664773200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55151"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1673935200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55211"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1683781200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55263"}],"lower_court":{"ID":10,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/10"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003ESantos is a native and citizen of Guatemala seeking asylum in the United States based on the likelihood of persecution due to her sexual orientation and transgender identity. An immigration judge denied her application for withholding removal, finding one prior assault was insufficient to establish past persecution. The immigration judge also denied her claim for relief under the Convention Against Torture (CAT). Santos appealed to the Board of Immigration Appeals, which dismissed her appeal. Although the Board concluded her past assault was sufficient to establish past persecution and thus a presumption of future persecution, the government had rebutted that presumption. The Board affirmed the immigration judge\u2019s determination that Santos had not established eligibility for relief under the CAT.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit denied Santos\u2019s petition to review the Board\u2019s determination that she was not eligible for relief under CAT and dismissed for lack of jurisdiction her challenge to the adequacy of the Board\u2019s analysis because she failed to raise that argument in a motion for reconsideration.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes 8 U.S.C. \u00a7 1252(d)(1) bar a court of appeals from reviewing an immigrant\u2019s claim that the Board of Immigration Appeals had engaged in impermissible factfinding because the immigrant had not exhausted that claim through a motion to reconsider?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ETitle 8 U.S.C. \u00a7 1252(d)(1) is not a jurisdictional provision; it does not require an immigrant to seek a motion to reconsider, which is a discretionary form of review, only remedies available as a matter of right. Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson authored the majority opinion of the Court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe language of \u00a7 1252(d)(1) is substantially different from jurisdictional provisions found elsewhere. Absent a clear statement that Congress intended the forfeiture rule to be jurisdictional, courts should not interpret such rules as jurisdictional because of the potentially harsh consequences of doing so. Thus, \u00a7 1252(d)(1) is best understood to require a noncitizen to exhaust only those remedies available as of right.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Samuel Alito filed an opinion concurring in the judgment, in which Justice Clarence Thomas joined.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":56059,"name":"Paul W. 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