{"ID":63474,"name":"Cruz v. Arizona","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2022\/21-846","view_count":0,"docket_number":"21-846","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"John Montenegro Cruz","second_party":"Arizona","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1648443600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55068"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1667278800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55167"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1677045600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55221"}],"lower_court":{"ID":24,"name":"Arizona Supreme Court","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/24"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 2005, a jury convicted John Montenegro Cruz of first-degree murder for the 2003 killing of a Tucson police officer and sentenced Cruz to death. The Arizona Supreme Court affirmed Cruz\u2019s conviction and sentence, and the U.S. Supreme Court denied his petition for a writ of certiorari.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 2012, Cruz filed a petition in state court for post-conviction relief, which the court dismissed, and the Arizona Supreme Court denied review.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 2014, Cruz initiated federal habeas proceedings. In 2016, while those proceedings were ongoing, the U.S. Supreme Court decided Lynch v. Arizona (Lynch II), holding that the Arizona Supreme Court had misapplied precedent. Cruz then filed a second petition for post-conviction relief. Ordinarily that second petition would be barred, but state law provides for an exception if there was an intervening \u201csignificant change in the the law.\u201d Cruz argued that the decision in Lynch II was a signficant change in the law, that it applies retroactively, and would probably overturn his sentence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Arizona Supreme Court concluded that Lynch II was not a significant change in the law and was instead based on precedent well established at the time the defendant was convicted and sentenced.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EIs the Arizona Supreme Court\u2019s ruling that a state rule of criminal procedure precluded post-conviction relief an adequate and independent state-law ground for the judgment against him, thereby precluding review by a federal court?\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Arizona Supreme Court\u2019s holding below is not an adequate state-law ground supporting that judgment and thus does not preclude federal court review. Justice Sonia Sotomayor authored the 5-4 majority opinion of the Court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf the judgment of a state court rests on \u201cadequate and independent state-law grounds,\u201d the Supreme Court will not decide a simultaneously presented question of federal law. Generally, a state\u2019s procedural ruling is adequate to foreclose a review of a federal claim.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Arizona Supreme Court\u2019s decision holding that Lynch v. Arizona, 578 U.S. 613, did not represent a \u201csignificant change in the law,\u201d as it was entirely new and conflicted with existing state law. Because the interpretation was so novel and unforeseeable, it cannot constitute an adequate state procedural ground.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Amy Coney Barrett authored a dissenting opinion, in which Justices Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito, and Neil Gorsuch joined, arguing that the Court should have given the \u201cutmost deference\u201d to the state court\u2019s interpretation of its own precedent and that it failed to do so.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":37171,"name":"Neal Kumar Katyal","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/neal_kumar_katyal","view_count":0,"last_name":"Katyal","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"neal_kumar_katyal"},"advocate_description":"for the Petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/23312"},{"advocate":{"ID":63522,"name":"Joseph A. 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