{"ID":63601,"name":"Corner Post, Inc. v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2023\/22-1008","view_count":0,"docket_number":"22-1008","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Corner Post, Inc.","second_party":" Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1695963600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55329"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1708408800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55402"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1719810000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55502"}],"lower_court":{"ID":13,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/13"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EThe case concerns the interchange fees associated with debit card transactions, which generate billions of dollars in revenue for issuing banks. The regulatory agency, the Board of the Federal Reserve System, promulgated a rule (\u201cRegulation II\u201d) to govern these fees. Regulation II caps the fees that banks can charge for each debit card transaction. Petitioners in the case include Corner Post, a convenience store, the North Dakota Retail Association (NDRA), and the North Dakota Petroleum Marketers Association (NDPMA), all of whom accept debit card payments and are thus affected by interchange fees.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn April 29, 2021, the North Dakota Retail Association (NDRA) and the North Dakota Petroleum Marketers Association (NDPMA) challenged Regulation II as arbitrary and capricious, in violation of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). After the Board moved to dismiss the case based on the statute of limitations, NDRA and NDPMA amended their complaint to add Corner Post, Inc. as an additional plaintiff. The district court dismissed the case, ruling that the 2015 clarification to Regulation II did not reset the statute of limitations, that Corner Post\u0027s statute of limitations began in 2011 with the original publication of Regulation II, and that none of the plaintiffs\u2019 claims warranted equitable tolling. The Merchants appealed, and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes a plaintiff\u2019s claim under the Administrative Procedure Act \u201cfirst accrue\u201d under 28 U.S.C. \u00a7 2401(a) when an agency issues a rule, or when the rule first causes harm to the plaintiff?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EAn Administrative Procedures Act claim does not accrue for purposes of 28 U.S.C. \u00a72401(a) until the plaintiff is injured by final agency action. Justice Amy Coney Barrett authored the 6-3 majority opinion of the Court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe text of 28 U.S.C. \u00a72401(a) states that a civil action against the United States must be filed \u0022within six years after the right of action first accrues.\u0022 The Court interpreted this language according to its traditional meaning in the context of statutes of limitations, concluding that a right of action \u0022accrues\u0022 when the plaintiff has a \u0022complete and present cause of action\u0022\u2014that is, when the plaintiff has the right to file suit and obtain relief. For an Administrative Procedures Act claim, this requires both final agency action (as specified in 5 U.S.C. \u00a7 704) and an injury to the plaintiff (as required by 5 U.S.C. \u00a7 702).\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Court rejected arguments that APA claims should be treated differently from other civil actions against the government, emphasizing that \u00a7 2401(a) uses standard accrual language that had a well-settled meaning when it was enacted in 1948. The Court also distinguished \u00a7 2401(a) from other statutes that explicitly start the clock at the time of final agency action, noting that Congress chose different language for \u00a72401(a). By interpreting \u0022accrues\u0022 consistently with its traditional meaning, the Court concluded that an APA claim does not accrue until the plaintiff has both experienced an injury and the agency action causing that injury has become final.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Brett Kavanaugh joined the majority opinion in full and wrote a separate concurrence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Ketanji Brown Jackson dissented and was joined by Justices Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":63657,"name":"Bryan K. Weir","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/bryan_k_weir","view_count":0,"last_name":"Weir","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"bryan_k_weir"},"advocate_description":"for the Petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/23521"},{"advocate":{"ID":63301,"name":"Benjamin W. 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