{"ID":63598,"name":"NetChoice, LLC v. Paxton","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2023\/22-555","view_count":0,"docket_number":"22-555","additional_docket_numbers":["22-277"],"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"NetChoice, LLC, et al.","second_party":"Ken Paxton, In His Official Capacity as Attorney General of Texas","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1695963600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55326"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1708927200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55408"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1719810000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55504"}],"lower_court":{"ID":10,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/10"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EThe State of Texas enacted HB 20 to regulate large social media platforms, such as Facebook, X (formerly known as Twitter), and YouTube. The law purports to prohibit large social media platforms from censoring speech based on the viewpoint of the speaker.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENetChoice and the Computer \u0026amp; Communications Industry Association filed a lawsuit against the Attorney General of Texas, challenging two provisions of the law as unconstitutional: (1) Section 7, which prohibits viewpoint-based censorship of users\u2019 posts, except for content that incites criminal activity or is unlawful. (2) Section 2, which requires platforms to disclose how they moderate and promote content, publish an \u0022acceptable use policy,\u0022 and maintain a complaint-and-appeal system for their users.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe district court issued a preliminary injunction, holding that Section 7 and Section 2 are facially unconstitutional. The court argued that social media platforms have some level of editorial discretion protected by the First Amendment, and HB 20 interferes with that discretion. On appeal, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit reversed, rejecting the idea that large corporations have a \u201cfreewheeling\u201d First Amendment right to censor what people say. It reasoned that HB 20 does not regulate the platforms\u2019 speech but protects other people\u2019s speech and regulates the platforms\u2019 conduct.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDo Texas HB 20\u2019s provisions prohibiting social media platforms from censoring users\u2019 content and imposing stringent disclosure requirements violate the First Amendment?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EThe judgments are vacated, and the cases are remanded, because neither the Eleventh Circuit nor the Fifth Circuit conducted a proper analysis of the facial First Amendment challenges to the Florida and Texas laws regulating large internet platforms. Justice Elena Kagan authored the majority opinion of the Court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUnder precedents like Miami Herald v. Tornillo, Pacific Gas \u0026amp; Electric Co. v. Public Utilities Commission, Turner Broadcasting v. FCC, and Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Group of Boston, when a private entity engages in expressive activity, including curating others\u0027 speech, government interference with that activity implicates the First Amendment.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESpecifically, the First Amendment protects entities engaged in expressive activities, including compiling and curating others\u0027 speech, from being forced to accommodate messages they prefer to exclude. This protection applies even when the compiler includes most items and excludes only a few. The government cannot justify interfering with a private speaker\u0027s editorial choices merely by claiming an interest in improving or balancing the marketplace of ideas. These principles likely apply to the content moderation practices of social media platforms like Facebook\u0027s News Feed, indicating that state laws regulating these practices may face significant First Amendment hurdles. However, this analysis may not apply to all of the laws\u0027 applications, so it is important for courts to conduct a thorough examination of the laws\u0027 full scope and their constitutional and unconstitutional applications in a proper facial challenge analysis.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETexas\u0027s regulation of social media platforms\u0027 content moderation policies aims to alter the speech displayed on these platforms, reflecting the state\u0027s disapproval of the platforms\u0027 current content selection and moderation practices. However, under the First Amendment, Texas cannot impose its preferences on how private entities curate and present speech, as this would amount to government control over the expression of ideas.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Amy Coney Barrett joined the majority opinion in full and authored a separate concurrence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Ketanji Brown Jackson joined the majority opinion in part and authored a separate concurrence.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Clarence Thomas authored an opinion concurring in the judgment.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Samuel Alito authored an opinion concurring in the judgment, in which Justices Clarence Thomas and Neil Gorsuch joined.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":37772,"name":"Paul D. Clement","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/paul_d_clement","view_count":0,"last_name":"Clement","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"paul_d_clement"},"advocate_description":"for the Petitioners","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/23535"},{"advocate":{"ID":62747,"name":"Elizabeth B. Prelogar","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/elizabeth_b_prelogar","view_count":0,"last_name":"Prelogar","roles":[],"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"elizabeth_b_prelogar"},"advocate_description":"for the United States, as amicus curiae, supporting the Petitioners","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/23536"},{"advocate":{"ID":63305,"name":"Aaron L. 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