{"ID":63620,"name":"Murthy v. Missouri","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2023\/23-411","view_count":0,"docket_number":"23-411","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"Vivek H. Murthy, U.S. Surgeon General, et al.","second_party":"Missouri, et al.","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1697259600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55353"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1710738000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55416"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1719378000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55497"}],"lower_court":{"ID":10,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/10"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EMultiple plaintiffs, including epidemiologists, consumer and human rights advocates, academics, and media operators, claimed that various defendants, including numerous federal agencies and officials, have engaged in censorship, targeting conservative-leaning speech on topics such as the 2020 presidential election, COVID-19 origins, mask and vaccine efficacy, and election integrity. The plaintiffs argue that the defendants used public statements and threats of regulatory action, such as reforming Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, to induce social media platforms to suppress content, thereby violating the plaintiffs\u2019 First Amendment rights. The States of Missouri and Louisiana also alleged harm due to the infringement of the free speech rights of their citizens.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe U.S. District Court for the Western District of Louisiana granted the plaintiffs\u2019 motion for a nationwide preliminary injunction prohibiting the federal government from meeting with social media companies or otherwise seeking to influence their content-moderation policies. The U.S. Supreme Court granted the government\u2019s motion for an emergency stay and granted certiorari to review the case on the merits.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid the federal government\u2019s request that private social media companies take steps to prevent the dissemination of purported misinformation transform those companies\u2019 content-moderation decisions into state action and thus violate users\u2019 First Amendment rights?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003ERespondents\u2014two States and five individual social-media users who sued Executive Branch officials and agencies, alleging that the Government pressured the platforms to censor their speech in violation of the First Amendment\u2014lack Article III standing to seek an injunction. Justice Amy Coney Barrett authored the 6-3 majority opinion of the Court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Court concluded that the petitioners lacked standing for two main reasons:\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFirst, the plaintiffs failed to establish a clear causal link between their past social media restrictions and the actions of the government defendants. Most of the plaintiffs could not demonstrate that their content was restricted due to government pressure rather than the platforms\u0027 independent moderation policies. Even for Jill Hines, who made the strongest case, the connections were tenuous and did not clearly show that her restrictions were likely traceable to government coercion rather than Facebook\u0027s own judgment.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESecond, the plaintiffs could not demonstrate a substantial risk of future injury traceable to the defendants\u0027 actions. By the time of the lawsuit, most of the government\u0027s communications with social media platforms about COVID-19 and election misinformation had significantly decreased. Without evidence of ongoing pressure from the government, it was speculative to assume that future content moderation decisions would be attributable to the defendants rather than the platforms\u0027 independent policies. The Court also found that an injunction against the government was unlikely to affect the platforms\u0027 content moderation decisions, creating a redressability problem.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Court emphasized that at the preliminary injunction stage, plaintiffs must make a clear showing that they are likely to establish each element of standing, which the petitioners failed to do based on the evidence presented.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Samuel Alito authored a dissenting opinion, in which Justices Clarence Thomas and Neil Gorsuch joined.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":56123,"name":"Brian H. Fletcher","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/brian_h_fletcher","view_count":0,"last_name":"Fletcher","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"brian_h_fletcher"},"advocate_description":"for the Petitioners","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/23547"},{"advocate":{"ID":63664,"name":"J. 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